Sodium transport across the caecal and colonic epithelium of germfree and specific-pathogen free rats

Rösel, E.; Engelhardt, W

doi:10.1051/rnd:19960306

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We observed no change in baseline Isc, suggesting that basal electrogenic ion transport in GF tissues is maintained. However, in contrast to a suggested aldosterone‐induced proabsorptive phenotype observed in GF rats, GF mouse colon displayed a heightened response to forskolin stimulation. This is perhaps not unexpected given that a number of bacteria or probiotics have demonstrated inhibitory effects on cAMP‐mediated responses .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Additionally, the expression of Toll‐Like Receptors by enteric neurons, in particular in the submucosal plexus, suggests that the microbiota can directly activate intestinal neural responses, and may, therefore, influence local secretomotor reflexes in the gut. Despite some overt secretomotor deficits (e.g., semi‐solid feces) being a characteristic feature of GF animals, to date, there is limited evidence describing a direct role for the host microbiota in the regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport in GF tissues . As the activity of the microbiota is likely to influence host secretory or absorptive function, and given the role the microbiota plays in physiology and pathophysiology, particularly in the etiology of inflammatory conditions of the gut, we sought to characterize the response of GF mucosa–submucosa preparations to neural and epithelial stimulants, and to the commensal organisms, Bifidobacterium longum subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective influence of host microbiota on cAMP‐mediated ion transport in mouse colon

Lomasney

Houston

Shanahan

et al. 2014

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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More microbes are resident in the distal colon than any other part of the body, and this microbiota has the capacity to influence enteric nerve development, excitability, and gastrointestinal function. Germ-free (GF) mice are a valuable tool in interrogating the communication between microbiota and host. Despite the intimate relationship which exists between the microbiota and the colonic mucosa-submucosa, there is a paucity of studies examining the influence of the microbiota on secretogogue-evoked responses. To this end, we investigated both epithelial and neural-evoked ion transport, and the response elicited by two commensal organisms, in colonic mucosa-submucosa preparations from GF mice in Ussing chambers. Baseline electrical parameters, short-circuit current and transepithelial resistance, were comparable between tissues from GF and conventional animals. Noteworthy, however, was a hyper-responsiveness of GF colon to forskolin stimulation. In contrast, the absence of the microbiota did not influence the tissue response to bethanechol. Moreover, responses to the sodium-channel activator, veratridine, and the TRPV1 receptor agonist, capsaicin were preserved in GF mice relative to conventional tissues. Similarly, the short-circuit current response to two well-characterized commensal organisms occurred independent of an interaction with the host microbiota. This is the first comprehensive characterization of secretomotor responses in GF colon.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective influence of host microbiota on cAMP‐mediated ion transport in mouse colon

Lomasney

Houston

Shanahan

et al. 2014

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Due to the facts that salt is a major environmental factor influencing salt-sensitive forms of hypertension and that salt is absorbed in the cecum, which is also one of the sites where a large number of bacteria reside (18,47,48), we hypothesized that interactions between the host and the gut microbiota influence the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we collected the cecal content from the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and Dahl saltresistant (R) rats and administered them orally to R and S rats, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence for a link between gut microbiota and hypertension in the Dahl rat

Mell

Jala

Mathew

et al. 2015

Physiological Genomics

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297

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Evidence for a link between gut microbiota and hypertension in the Dahl rat. Physiol Genomics 47: 187-197, 2015. First published March 31, 2015 doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00136.2014.-The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining physiological homeostasis. This study was designed to evaluate whether gut microbial composition affects hypertension. 16S rRNA genes obtained from cecal samples of Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and Dahl salt-resistant (R) rats were sequenced. Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes were higher in the S rats compared with the R rats. Furthermore, the family S24-7 of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the family Veillonellaceae of the phylum Firmicutes were higher in the S rats compared with the R rats. Analyses of the various phylogenetic groups of cecal microbiota revealed significant differences between S and R rats. Both strains were maintained on a high-salt diet, administered antibiotics for ablation of microbiota, transplanted with S or R rat cecal contents, and monitored for blood pressure (BP). Systolic BP of the R rats remained unaltered irrespective of S or R rat cecal transplantation. Surprisingly, compared with the S rats given S rat cecal content, systolic BP of the S rats given a single bolus of cecal content from R rats was consistently and significantly elevated during the rest of their life, and they had a shorter lifespan. A lower level of fecal bacteria of the family Veillonellaceae and increased plasma acetate and heptanoate were features associated with the increased BP observed in the S rats given R rat microbiota compared with the S rats given S rat microbiota. These data demonstrate a link between microbial content and BP regulation and, because the S and R rats differ in their genomic composition, provide the necessary basis to further examine the relationship between the host genome and microbiome in the context of BP regulation in the Dahl rats. gut; microbial; SCFA; metabolic; metabolomics THE MAINTENANCE OF blood pressure (BP) homeostasis is a complex process that is carefully orchestrated by a variety of genetic and environmental factors and studied extensively in rat models (2, 5, 11, 15-17, 19, 21-23, 26, 42-44, 50). Dietary salt is one of the prominent environmental factors influencing the development and progression of salt-sensitive hypertension (13,14,24,57). As the consumed salt is transported through the gastrointestinal tract, one of the anatomical sites through which it is absorbed, in addition to the small intestine and the colon, is the cecum. The functions of the cecum are to absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, mucus. The cecum is also an "anerobic fermentor" as it houses a large number of bacteria that aid in digestion of undigested material in the stomach and small intestine. This is accomplished by a fermentative process that helps in breaking down fibers for their survival (33).In recent years, there is ample evidence in the literature ...

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