Sodium storage in fluorine-rich mesoporous carbon fabricated by low-temperature carbonization of polyvinylidene fluoride with a silica template

Zhang, Yongzhi; Chen, Li; Meng, Yan; Li, Xiaopeng; Guo, Yong; Xiao, Dan

doi:10.1039/c6ra24386j

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It can also be found that the characteristic peak of O 1s at 532 eV decreases significantly in FMG, suggesting that large amounts of oxygen functional groups are removed under the interaction with HF molecules. The phenomenon is similar to Feng’s work in which a F- and N-codoped graphene was fabricated through a hydrothermal route and is attributed to the deoxidation reaction and the substitution reaction of F atoms with oxygen functional groups. , The deconvoluted O 1s spectra of MG and FMG are shown in Figure b,c, in which the peaks at 532.1 and 533.6 eV belong to carbonyl (−C–O–C−) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, respectively . Based on an integral area calculation, it is found that the ratio between carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups decreases from 4.66 for MG to 2.82 for FMG, indicating that the carbonyl groups are more apt to be diminished and replaced during the F-doping process.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…33,34 The deconvoluted O 1s spectra of MG and FMG are shown in Figure 2b,c, in which the peaks at 532.1 and 533.6 eV belong to carbonyl (−C−O− C−) and hydroxyl (−OH) groups, respectively. 35 Based on an integral area calculation, it is found that the ratio between carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups decreases from 4.66 for MG to 2.82 for FMG, indicating that the carbonyl groups are more apt to be diminished and replaced during the F-doping process. Figure 2d depicts the F 1s spectrum.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-Step Fabrication of Fluorine-Doped Graphite Derived from a Low-Grade Microcrystalline Graphite Ore for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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Graphite has been considered as a promising anode material of potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), the practical applications of which are impeded because of the unsatisfactory cycling stability and poor rate capability. In this study, the favorable effect of fluorine-doping on the K-storage performance of graphite is demonstrated. For a more practical application, a low-grade microcrystalline graphite (MG) ore is chosen as the raw material and is purified through a facile hydrofluoric acid solution immersion method. The results indicate that the mild purification process not only results in a high purity of 98.59 wt % for MG but also realizes the effective F-corporation in the graphite host. The fluorine content of 1.02% with a high semi-ionic bond constituent (70.53%) enlarges the graphite interlayer distance from 3.356 to 3.461 Å, which contributes to an alleviated volume change and faster K-ion diffusion kinetics. Benefiting from the F-doping-induced structural improvement, the modified MG electrode exhibits a prominently elevated reversible capacity (320 mA h g −1 ), a superior cycling ability with a high capacity retention of 74.6% after 100 cycles, and an enhanced rate performance. This study manifests that F-doping is a feasible route to resolve the obstacles of graphite materials and paves the way for commercial KIBs with high performance.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Fabrication of Fluorine-Doped Graphite Derived from a Low-Grade Microcrystalline Graphite Ore for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2020

Energy Fuels

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“…Conversely, the C–F (covalent) peak at 290.8 eV disappeared, as shown in Table 1 . Instead, a peak at 288.09 eV indicating a C–F (semi-ionic) bond emerged [ 40 ]. For the F 1s spectra shown in Figure 1 b, the peak at 687.9 eV corresponding to the C–F (covalent) bond vanished [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Approaches to Apply Ultra-Thick Graphite Anode to High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery: Carbonization and 3-Dimensionalization

Park

Suh²,

Tamulevičius³

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Lithium-ion batteries with ultra-thick electrodes have high energy density and low manufacturing costs because of the reduction of the inactive materials in the same battery volume. However, the partial usage of the full capacity and the low rate capability are caused by poor ionic and electronic conduction. In this work, the effects of two approaches, such as electrode binder carbonization by heat treatment and 3-dimensionalization by the laser structuring of ultra-thick graphite anodes to lithium-ion batteries for high energy density, are investigated. During the heat treatment, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder is carbonized to form fluorinated graphitic carbons, thereby increasing the number of lithium-ion storage sites and the improvement of the electrode capacity by 14% (420 mAh g−1 and 20 mAh cm−2). Further, the carbonization improves the rate capability by 31% at 0.1 C by simultaneously reducing the ionic and electronic resistances. Furthermore, after the laser structuring of the carbonized electrode, the areal discharge capacity increases to 50% at the increasing current rates, resulting from drastically improved ionic conduction. In addition to the electrochemical characteristics, these two approaches contribute considerably to the fast wetting of the electrolyte into the ultra-thick electrode. The carbonization and laser structuring of the ultra-thick graphite anodes are practical approaches for high-energy batteries to overcome the thickness limitation.

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“…Heteroatom doping is also a useful strategy that could broaden the interlamellar spacing of layered MTs, providing large channels for ion transfer, and increasing the storage sites for ions; further this can reduce the bad gap between the valence band and conduction band, thereby promoting faster electron transport. 120–122 However, the related research has not been investigated, we can introduce cations and anions into MTs to further improve their performance. In addition, the work on composite is mainly restricted to traditional carbon materials; the emerging MXenes 2D materials with large interlayer spacing, high metallic conductivity, hydrophilic surface, and outstanding mechanical property, 123–125 can also be an excellent conductive matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances of metal telluride anodes for high-performance lithium/sodium–ion batteries

et al. 2022

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Sodium storage in fluorine-rich mesoporous carbon fabricated by low-temperature carbonization of polyvinylidene fluoride with a silica template

Abstract: A fluorine-rich mesoporous carbon is prepared by low-temperature carbonization of polyvinylidene fluoride with a silica template, exhibiting excellent sodium anodic performances.

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

One-Step Fabrication of Fluorine-Doped Graphite Derived from a Low-Grade Microcrystalline Graphite Ore for Potassium-Ion Batteries

One-Step Fabrication of Fluorine-Doped Graphite Derived from a Low-Grade Microcrystalline Graphite Ore for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Practical Approaches to Apply Ultra-Thick Graphite Anode to High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery: Carbonization and 3-Dimensionalization

Recent advances of metal telluride anodes for high-performance lithium/sodium–ion batteries

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