Sodium status of soil, forages, and small ruminants of Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

The present investigation was aimed to search out the sodium level in soil, forages and blood samples of the small ruminants (goat and sheep) of three districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Most forage and soil samples were found deficient in sodium contents. The lower level of Na was found in soil as well as in forages of three districts (Sargodha, Mianwali, Bhakkar). Most of the forage samples are so deficient in Na contents that they fall much below the critical levels known to be adequate for normal ruminant requirements. Significantly decreased (p<0.05) level of sodium content was observed in soil, forages as well as blood samples. The existing mineral deficiency problems might be due to the animal are fed on forages that are deficient in sodium Content due to sandy soils in that particular site, where leaching of nutrients is a major problem. So, the consumption of materials with an appropriate dose of minerals mix is recommended for proper growth and reproduction of animals of commercial values.

Accumulation of Cobalt in Soils and Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

“…Some characteristics of the soil like its pH could impact the mobility of soil metals. For instance, the mobility of metals from soil to plants was limited by the high value of pH, unlike in case of low pH (Siddique et al, 2019). It is possible that the pH of analysed soil affects the bioconcentration factor of metal (Ugulu et al, 2019 b).…”

Health Risk Assessment and Seasonal Trend of Metals in Arid-Soil-Forage Crops and Animals

“…3 samples of soil were collected with equal distances in the eld. Stainless steel auger was used to dig up the upper layer of soil about 12-15 cm (Siddique et al, 2019). These samples were packed into plastic bags to avoid the mixing of other chemical compounds into it.…”

“…When plants are completely dried, they weighed with electrical balance. Standard procedure of digestion was applied to digest the samples (Siddique et al 2019). 1gm sample was weighed by electrical balance and placed in a beaker of 50ml.…”

“…Blood samples collected from the Mianwali district were stored and freeze at -20°C. For digestion process the samples were from freezer and digested with same standard procedure as applied to soil and forages (Siddique et al, 2019). Hair sample was sun dried and was cut into pieces of 1.0-2.9 cm.…”

Assessment of Zn and Pb in buffaloes fed on forages irrigated with wastewater in Sahiwal, Sargodha, Pakistan

“…Higher values were observed for T. alaxandrium and lower for Z. mays for Zn and for Pb high for Z. mays and low for S. bicolor. Daily intake of metal The value of Zn was lower than tolerable daily intake 60 [21,22,25,37,38]. Higher value of intake was observed for T. alaxandrium and lower for Z. mays For Pb was determined by using formula of Sajjad et al [24].…”