Sodium, Potassium, and Lithium Complexes of Phenanthroline and Diclofenac: First Report on Anticancer Studies

Abstract

Diclofenac or 2-[(2′,6′-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl}acetic acid (dcf) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) is a well-known enzyme inhibitor. In this study, three new alkali metal complexes (1–3) containing both phen and dcf were prepared, and their structures were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques including infrared and UV–vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In these complexes, phen binds via a N,N′-chelate pocket, while the monoanionic dcf—ligand remains either uncoordinated (in the case of 1 and 3) or coordinated in a bidentate fashion (in the case of 2). All three complexes crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1. [Na2(phen)2 (H2O)4][dcf]2 (1) is a dinuclear sodium complex, where two crystallographically identical Na+ cations adopt a distorted five-coordinate spherical square-pyramidal geometry, with a [N2O3] donor set. [K2(phen)2(dcf)2(H2O)4] (2) is also a dinuclear complex where the crystallographically unique K+ cation adopts a distorted seven-coordinate geometry comprising a [N2O5] donor set. [Li(phen)(H2O)2][dcf] (3) is a mononuclear lithium complex where the Li+ cation adopts a four-coordinate distorted tetrahedral geometry comprising a [N2O2] donor set. The complexes were evaluated for their anticancer activity against lung and oral cancer cell lines as well as for their antibacterial potential. The prepared complexes displayed very good antibacterial and anticancer activities with an excellent bioavailability.

The in vitro apoptotic effect of new zinc complex possessing folic acid and phenanthroline on cervix cancer cells

“…Several reports have been published on the synthesis of water‐soluble metal complexes of phenanthroline [ 22–24 ] which in all cases, the Phen ligand adopts a chelating fashion via N1 and N2 atoms and form a five‐membered ring. [ 25 ] On the other hand, Hamed et al [ 26 ] reported that FA could coordinate with some transition metals such as Fe(ΙΙΙ) and Cu(ΙΙ) via COOH, resulting in a significant increase in the solubility and absorption of FA complexes compared with free FA. In this regard, we performed a simple solubility test that the results showed that the [Zn(Phen)FA] complex could be dissolved in water at a ratio of 1.53 mg/ml.…”

Solid-State Dehydration Mechanism of Diclofenac Sodium Salt Hydrates

“…In addition, a hemi-heptahydrate (3.5H) form was reported very recently [37]. Multi-component crystals of DIC-Na with organic agents such as phenanthroline [38] and L-proline [39] have also been reported. In particular, the DIC solubility achieved by forming the DIC-Na L-proline salt cocrystal was significantly higher than that of DIC-Na [39].…”

1D and 2D Coordination Polymers of Calcium with Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surfaces, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

“…[2,7,[15][16][17][18] These metal ions play a crucial role in numerous biological pathways such as cellular diversity, partition, apoptosis, homeostasis, adjusting electrolyte balances, pH, and nerve impulses. [19,20] Additionally, they have an advantage over transition or lanthanide metal ions because most of the sblock cations are non-toxic, relatively cheap, and soluble in aqueous media. [21,22] Furthermore, their high coordination numbers increase coordination arrangements and prompt unusual supramolecular topologies.…”