Sodium nitroprusside mediates seedling development and attenuation of oxidative stresses in Chinese cabbage

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological processes in microbes, animals and plants. In this study, the involvement of NO in the development and possible roles in oxidative stress protection of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis cv. Samrack-ulgari) seedlings were investigated. Exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) retarded root elongation, while increasing lateral root formation of Chinese cabbage. Plants showed no signs of external stress due to SNP application in true leaves. Cotyledons of 3-week-old Chinese cabbage plants were found to be highly sensitive to SNP application. Treated cotyledons displayed rapid tissue collapse and associated cell death. Although SNP application reduced root growth under normal growth conditions, it also enhanced methyl viologen (MV)-mediated oxidative stress tolerance. Analysis of SNP application to Chinese cabbage leaf disks, revealed SNP-induced tolerance against oxidative stresses by MV and H 2 O 2 , and evidence includes prevention of chlorophyll loss, superoxide anion (O 2 -) accumulation and lipid peroxidation. This report supports a role for nitric oxide in modulating early seedling development, programmed cell death and stress tolerance in Chinese cabbage. KeywordsChinese cabbage Á Nitric oxide Á Oxidative stress Á Root development Abbreviations DAB 3,3 0 -Diaminobenzidine MV Methyl viologen NBT Nitro blue tetrazolium NO Nitric oxide PCD Programmed cell death RNS Reactive nitrogen species ROS Reactive oxygen species SNP Sodium nitroprusside

Developmental stage- and concentration-specific sodium nitroprusside application results in nitrate reductase regulation and the modification of nitrate metabolism in leaves ofMedicago truncatulaplants

“…1) and the cellular status of the cell. This result is in accordance with Sung and Hong, 38 indicating the effect of different NO concentrations in plant development and a similar decline in Car and Chl, 37 , 39 further suggesting that Chl catabolism is highly regulated during development and senescence 39 , 40 . One possible explanation for the observed phenotypic and physiological behavior of the SNP-treated M. truncatula plants may be due to the major induction of ROS / RNS production, according to the increased sensitivity of various plants to oxidative damage under severe stress conditions 30 , 41 .…”

Cadmium-Induced Hydrogen Accumulation Is Involved in Cadmium Tolerance in Brassica campestris by Reestablishment of Reduced Glutathione Homeostasis

“…Stress-induced generation of O 2 - in situ was detected by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining [ 33 ]. The roots which were not cut from the seedlings were immersed in a 0.1% solution of NBT in 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) containing 10 mM sodium azide (NaN 3 ) and then incubated in the dark at 22°C for 10 min until a purple-blue color became visible.…”

Hydrogen gas acts as a novel bioactive molecule in enhancing plant tolerance to paraquat‐induced oxidative stress via the modulation of heme oxygenase‐1 signalling system

“…Leaves were stained with Schiff's reagent for 30 min, and rinsed with a solution containing 0.5% (w/v) K 2 S 2 O 5 prepared in 0.05 m HCl until the leaf colour became light red, which detects aldehydes originated from lipid peroxides. Stress‐induced generation of O 2 ‐ in situ was detected by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining (Sung & Hong 2010). Seedling leaves were stained with 0.1% solution of NBT in K‐phosphate buffer (pH 6.4), containing 10 m m sodium azide (NaN 3 ) until a purple‐blue colour became visible, and the chlorophyll of the treated leaves was removed with 95% ethanol.…”