Sodium MRI of the human kidney at 3 Tesla

Maril, Nimrod; Rosen, Yael; Reynolds, Glenn Harlan; Ivanishev, A.; Ngo, Long; Lenkinski, Robert E.

doi:10.1002/mrm.21031

Cited by 115 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The potential diagnostic benefits of 23 Na-MR imaging have recently been demonstrated for common pathological conditions such as tumor [5,6], stroke [7][8][9], Alzheimer disease [10], paramyotonia [11], arthritis [12], multiple sclerosis [13] and functional renal imaging [14] in humans. In addition, pre-clinical in vivo 23 Na MRI enables one to temporally follow pathological progression in animal models of common human disease [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of a double-tuned two-port surface resonator and its application to in vivo Hydrogen- and Sodium-MRI

Wetterling

Högler

Molkenthin

et al. 2012

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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The design and construction of a two-port surface transceiver resonator for both 1 H-and 23 Na-MRI in the rodent brain at 7T is described. Double-tuned resonators are required for accurately co-registering multi-nuclei data sets, especially when the time courses of 1 H and 23 Na signals are of interest as, for instance, when investigating the pathological progression of ischaemic stroke tissue in vivo. In the current study, a single-element two-port surface resonator was developed wherein both frequency components were measured with the same detector element but with each frequency signal routed along different output channels.This was achieved by using the null spot technique, allowing for optimal variable tuning and matching of each channel in situ within the MRI scanner. The 23 Na signal to noise ratio, measured in the ventricles of the rat brain, was increased by a factor of four compared to recent state-of-the-art rat brain studies reported in the literature. The resonator's performance was demonstrated in an in vivo rodent stroke model, where regional variations in 1 H apparent diffusion coefficient maps and the 23 Na signal were recorded in an interleaved fashion as a function of time in the acute phase of the stroke without having to exchange, re-adjust, or re-connect resonators between scans. Using the practical construction steps described in this paper, this coil design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design of a double-tuned two-port surface resonator and its application to in vivo Hydrogen- and Sodium-MRI

Wetterling

Högler

Molkenthin

et al. 2012

Journal of Magnetic Resonance

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“…Brain neoplasia and sustained cell depolarization, a precursor of cell division, lead to an increase of the intracellular sodium concentration and to a rise in the average tissue sodium concentration (2). Furthermore, the application of sodium MRI has been shown to be valuable for muscular channelopathies (3,4), brain tumors (5), the human kidney (6), myocardial infarction (7), and cerebral ischemia (8,9) diagnostics.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium MRI using a density‐adapted 3D radial acquisition technique

Nagel

Laun

Weber

et al. 2009

Magnetic Resonance in Med

244

256

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A density-adapted three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence is presented which provides a more efficient k-space sampling than conventional three-dimensional projection reconstruction sequences. The gradients of the density-adapted three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence are designed such that the averaged sampling density in each spherical shell of k-space is constant. Due to hardware restrictions, an inner sphere of k-space is sampled without density adaption. This approach benefits from both the straightforward handling of conventional three-dimensional projection reconstruction sequence trajectories and an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency akin to the commonly used three-dimensional twisted projection imaging trajectories. Benefits for low SNR applications, when compared to conventional three-dimensional projection reconstruction sequences, are demonstrated with the example of sodium imaging. In simulations of the point-spread function, the SNR of small objects is increased by a factor 1.66 for the densityadapted three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence sequence. Using analytical and experimental phantoms, it is shown that the density-adapted three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence allows higher resolutions and is more robust in the presence of field inhomogeneities. High-quality in vivo images of the healthy human leg muscle and the healthy human brain are acquired. For equivalent scan times, the SNR is up to a factor of 1.8 higher and anatomic details are better resolved using density-adapted three-dimensional radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence. Key words: sodium magnetic resonance imaging; densityadapted sampling; radial imaging; projection reconstruction; sampling density; field inhomogeneities Sodium ( 23 Na) ions play an important role in cellular homeostasis and cell viability. In healthy tissue, the extracellular sodium concentration ([Na ϩ ] ex ϭ 145 mM) is about 10 times higher than the intracellular concentration ([Na ϩ ] in ϭ 10-15 mM) (1). Using sodium MRI, volume-and relaxation-weighted signal of these compartments can be measured. Thus, sodium MRI is a promising diagnostic tool since pathologic processes can alter this ion gradient.Many studies investigating the usefulness of sodium MRI in human pathologies have been performed recently. Brain neoplasia and sustained cell depolarization, a precursor of cell division, lead to an increase of the intracellular sodium concentration and to a rise in the average tissue sodium concentration (2). Furthermore, the application of sodium MRI has been shown to be valuable for muscular channelopathies (3,4), brain tumors (5), the human kidney (6), myocardial infarction (7), and cerebral ischemia (8,9) diagnostics.However, sodium MRI remains a challenging technique for several reasons. The sodium nucleus exhibits a fast biexponential transversal relaxation in the extreme narrowing limit, i.e., if the correlation time is much shorter...

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“…[7] we obviate the necessity to evaluate double commutators in Eq. [4], and shift the burden to evaluating certain matrix elements. Equation [4] takes the form: k, l, m, n = 1, .…”

Section: σ(T) = E Ih 0 T σ(T)e −Ih 0 T H ≡ H(t + τ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of $I = {3 \over 2}$ nuclei in isotropic slow motion, anisotropic and partially ordered phases

Shekar¹,

Tang²,

Jerschow³

2010

Concepts Magnetic Resonance

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NMR of quadrupolar nuclei, and, in particular 23 Na in soft tissues has attracted renewed interest due to the importance that sodium plays in physiology. The quadrupolar coupling and relaxation dynamics, including the appearance of the dynamic frequency shift are treated in this article. The equations governing irreducible spherical tensor analysis are derived and discussed. Experiments are shown to demonstrate how parameters such as the correlation time, the instantaneous and the residual quadrupolar couplings can be extracted from the data. Such experiments and procedures are particularly useful in the analysis of 23 Na NMR data from tissues or cell suspensions.

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Sodium MRI of the human kidney at 3 Tesla

Cited by 115 publications

References 34 publications

The design of a double-tuned two-port surface resonator and its application to in vivo Hydrogen- and Sodium-MRI

The design of a double-tuned two-port surface resonator and its application to in vivo Hydrogen- and Sodium-MRI

Sodium MRI using a density‐adapted 3D radial acquisition technique

Dynamics of $I = {3 \over 2}$ nuclei in isotropic slow motion, anisotropic and partially ordered phases

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