Sodium ion storage in reduced graphene oxide

Abstract

Sodium ion storage in reduced graphene oxide, Electrochimica Acta http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.electacta.2016.08.058 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe performance of few-layered metal-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a negative electrode material in sodium-ion battery was investigated. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the as-prepared RGO with a large interlayer spacing and disordered structure enabled significant sodium-ion storage, leading to a high discharge capacity. The strong surface driven interactions between sodium ions and oxygen-containing groups and/or defect sites led to a high rate performance and cycling stability. The RGO anode delivered a discharge capacity of 272 mA h g -1 at a current density of 50 mA g -1 , a good cycling stability over 300 cycles and a superior rate capability. The present work provides new insights into optimizing RGOs for high-performance and low-cost sodium-ion batteries.

Carbon and Carbon Hybrid Materials as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…The diameter of Na + (0.98 Å) is larger than that of Li + (0.69 Å), which makes insertion of Na + into the interlayer of graphite difficult. Recently, as alternative carbon materials, various amorphous carbon materials such as one‐dimensional (1 D) carbon nanofibers/nanotubes, two‐dimensional (2 D) carbon nanoplates, heteroatom‐doped graphene, and three‐dimensional (3 D) porous carbon nanostructures have shown promise as anode materials for SIBs, owing to their large interlayer spacings and disordered structures, which can afford abundant sodium‐ion storage sites. Moreover, a number of elementary substances (P, Sn, Sb, etc.…”

Spinel rGO Wrapped CoV2O4 Nanocomposite as a Novel Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Wen et al reported a reversible capacity of 280 mAh g −1 at a current density of 20 mA g −1 through increasing the interlayer spacing to 4.3 Å [13]. Kumar et al recently observed that the rGO anode delivered a discharge capacity of 272 mA h g −1 at a current density of 50 mA g −1 [14]. Thus, the results indicated rGO as a potential electrochemically active material for SIBs.…”

Nickel cobaltite-based anode materials for sodium-ion capacitors

“…Graphene with a monolayer of SP 2 carbon atoms located in 2D honeycomb network, is a very promising carbon material to improve the performance of NCO because it is electrically conductive and suitable for wrapping/encapsulating/supporting NCO particles to alleviate the volume changes. [59][60][61][62][63] Apart from stabilizing TMOs, graphene itself can reversibly store sodium ions the surfaces, edges and covalent sites of graphene sheets, 64 and thereby, beneficial for energy storage. Moreover, doping nitrogen (N) and creating pores in graphene can improve the wettability between graphene and an organic electrolyte, 65 to facilitate the transport of sodium ions and electrons.…”

“…The individual graphene sheets can store ions on their surfaces, edges and covalent sites, 64 has been reported as cathode electrode for NICs as briefly reviewed in the section 2.1.2.…”

“…Electrode N-rGO contributed a reversible specific capacity of 205 mAh g -1 at the 100 th cycle, which was higher than that of a rGO electrode reported previously. 64 This is because the nitrogen functional groups are highly active which promote the electrolyte adsorption and diffusion. 220,221 The NCO@N-rGO electrode also displayed a long cycling performance as shown in Figure 6.3d.…”