Socioeconomic Status, Energy Cost, and Nutrient Content of Supermarket Food Purchases

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Compared with Principal Component Analysis to Derive Dietary Patterns: A Longitudinal Study in Adult Women

“…For the ''Western'' pattern, no association was reported when PCA was used, whereas a significant positive association was reported when CFA was used. We also reported a stronger association for the ''Western'' pattern among women who did not complete high school, suggesting that among women with a lower socioeconomic level, the Western diet might have a higher effect on respiratory health, potentially because of lower food quality (17). To our knowledge, our longitudinal study is the first to study the association between dietary patterns derived with the use of CFA and asthma.…”

“…Dietary habits are an integral part of a healthy/unhealthy lifestyle, and depend on social aspects as well: different foods (14)(15)(16), especially in terms of quality (17), are consumed according to socioeconomic level. Dietary patterns derived with the use of PCA have been studied in relation to many chronic diseases (18,19), but studies on their association with adulthood asthma showed conflicting results according to the study design (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Independent associations of income and education with nutrient intakes in Brazilian adults: 2008–2009 National Dietary Survey

“…Aggarwal et al (16) found that socio-economic disparities in diet quality may be explained by differential diet cost. The authors concluded that diet cost is one of the critical factors that may explain the consumption of a lower-quality diet among individuals in the lower socio-economic strata, while other studies demonstrated that diet quality was positively associated with diet cost (9,10,(44)(45)(46) . Nevertheless, diet cost does not explain all of our results considering that the intakes of energy and energy from saturated fat were positively associated with income in both sexes and dietary fibre intake was negatively associated with income status.…”

The geographic distribution of cardiovascular health in the stroke prevention in healthcare delivery environments (SPHERE) study

“…47,48 Lower SES may also limit an individual’s ability to purchase and prepare healthful food, thus negatively impacting BMI, blood glucose, cholesterol and BP, and contributing to poorer CVH. 49 These CVH components are interrelated, and can be more deeply understood, as well as targeted for improvement using appropriate interventions, by considering their connection with adverse community-level factors.…”