Socioeconomic Impact of Genome Editing on Agricultural Value Chains: The Case of Fungal-Resistant and Coeliac-Safe Wheat

Maaß, Oliver; Consmuller, Nicola; Kehlenbeck, Hella

doi:10.3390/su11226421

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This concept could be transferred to the commodity trade of genome-edited crops. However, as [29] have already pointed out, identity preservation entails additional costs, which can only be recovered through higher market prices for specific value-added products. In general commodity trade, where different batches from different sources are usually mixed along the production chain, this concept is deemed unlikely to work economically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

et al. 2021

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Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

et al. 2021

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“…Recent and rising gene editing methods make it conceivable to focus genes of interest in particular species with more noteworthy speed and effectiveness compared to the conventional methods [142]. Of significant pertinence for plant breeding, controllers and researchers are talking about how to direct developed products utilizing these editing techniques of gene.…”

Section: Regulatory and Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Editing in Cereals: Approaches, Applications and Challenges

Ansari

Chandanshive

Bhatt

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Over the past decades, numerous efforts were made towards the improvement of cereal crops mostly employing traditional or molecular breeding approaches. The current scenario made it possible to efficiently explore molecular understanding by targeting different genes to achieve desirable plants. To provide guaranteed food security for the rising world population particularly under vulnerable climatic condition, development of high yielding stress tolerant crops is needed. In this regard, technologies upgradation in the field of genome editing looks promising. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 is a rapidly growing genome editing technique being effectively applied in different organisms, that includes both model and crop plants. In recent times CRISPR/Cas9 is being considered as a technology which revolutionized fundamental as well as applied research in plant breeding. Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully demonstrated in many cereal crops including rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Availability of whole genome sequence information for number of crops along with the advancement in genome-editing techniques provides several possibilities to achieve desirable traits. In this review, the options available for crop improvement by implementing CRISPR/Cas9 based genome-editing techniques with special emphasis on cereal crops have been summarized. Recent advances providing opportunities to simultaneously edit many target genes were also discussed. The review also addressed recent advancements enabling precise base editing and gene expression modifications. In addition, the article also highlighted limitations such as transformation efficiency, specific promoters and most importantly the ethical and regulatory issues related to commercial release of novel crop varieties developed through genome editing.

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“…Although there is plenty of literature available about the impacts of GMO cultivation in Argentina and elsewhere (Brookes and Barfoot, 2018a,b, and references therein), it is not the same case for products derived from gene editing. Therefore, as we and others have discussed previously (Whelan and Lema, 2017;Maaß et al, 2019), from a policymaking perspective there is a need for studies pertaining to the potential socioeconomic impacts of gene editing applied to agriculture, including any modulatory effect that regulatory approaches can have on such impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Gene Editing Regulation and Innovation Economics

Whelan

Gutti

Lema

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Argentina was the first country that enacted regulatory criteria to assess if organisms resulting from new breeding techniques (NBTs) are to be regarded as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or not. The country has now accumulated 4 year of experience applying such criteria, reaching a considerable number of cases, composed mostly of gene-edited plants, animals, and microorganisms of agricultural use. This article explores the effects on economic innovation of such regulatory experience. This is done by comparing the cases of products derived from gene editing and other NBTs that have been presented to the regulatory system, against the cases of GMOs that have been deregulated in the country. Albeit preliminary, this analysis suggests that products from gene editing will have different profiles and market release rates compared with the first wave of products from the so called "modern biotechnology." Gene editing products seems to follow a much faster development rate from bench to market. Such development is driven by a more diverse group of developers, and led mostly by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and public research institutions. In addition, product profiles are also more diversified in terms of traits and organisms. The inferences of these findings for the agricultural and biotechnology sectors, particularly in developing countries, are discussed.

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Socioeconomic Impact of Genome Editing on Agricultural Value Chains: The Case of Fungal-Resistant and Coeliac-Safe Wheat

Cited by 11 publications

References 79 publications

Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Genome Editing in Cereals: Approaches, Applications and Challenges

Gene Editing Regulation and Innovation Economics

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