Socioeconomic disparities in outdoor branded advertising in San Francisco and Oakland, California

Zahid, Neha; Pulvera, Richard; Madsen, Kristine A.; Lee, Matthew M Y; Ibarra-Castro, Ana; Falbe, Jennifer

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101796

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Families in areas with limited resources also face exposure to more environmental contributors that increase risk for having obesity [ 6 ]. For example, youth who live in communities with lower incomes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ] are more likely to be exposed to unhealthy food and beverage advertisements and live in areas with greater access to unhealthy foods and beverages [ 12 ]. Additionally, Black and Hispanic/Latinx youth have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to other racial/ethnic groups [ 1 ], and predominately Black and Hispanic/Latinx communities have higher densities of outdoor food and beverage advertisements compared to predominantly white communities [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements

Ruggles,

Thomas,

Poulos

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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We examined if areas around schools with more students of lower socioeconomic status (SES) have more total food/beverage advertisements and/or more advertisements with poorer nutritional content as compared to areas around schools with fewer students with lower SES. All outdoor food/beverage advertisements within a half-mile radius of 47 middle and high schools in the United States were objectively documented in 2012 and coded for nutritional content. The total number of advertisements and the macronutrient and micronutrient contents (total calories, fat (g), protein (g), carbohydrate (g), sugar (g), and sodium (mg)) of food and beverage items depicted in the advertisements were calculated. In total, 9132 unique advertisements were recorded, with 3153 ads displaying food and beverages that could be coded for nutrient content. Schools located in areas of lower SES (≥60% students receiving free/reduced-price lunch) had significantly more advertisements displaying food and beverages that could be coded for nutrient content (z = 2.01, p = 0.04), as well as advertisements that contained more sodium (z = 2.20, p = 0.03), as compared to schools located in areas of higher SES. There were no differences in calorie, fat, protein, carbohydrate, or sugar content. Policies to reduce the prevalence of outdoor food and beverage advertising are warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements

Ruggles,

Thomas,

Poulos

et al. 2023

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Branding: Outdoor advertising can be used to reinforce brand identity and to create an impression on potential customers [19,20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Outdoor Advertising on Consumer Decisions: An Eye-Tracking and A/B Testing Study of Car Drivers’ Perception

et al. 2023

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This study aims to investigate the impact of outdoor advertising on consumer behaviour by using eye-tracking analysis while drivers travel specific routes in Žilina, Slovakia. This research combines questionnaire inquiry and A/B testing to assess the conscious and subconscious effects of outdoor advertising on consumer decisions. The findings of this study have important implications for businesses providing outdoor advertising spaces, as well as those using outdoor advertising as a form of advertisement. Additionally, the study provides insights into the role of transportation background and how it influences consumer behaviour in relation to outdoor advertising.

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Comparing the number of outdoor sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type and school-level economic advantage

Ruggles,

Pasch,

Poulos

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage consumption are associated with a variety of health issues among youth. Food and beverage marketing has been shown to affect youth’s preferences, purchases, and consumption of marketed products. Previous research suggests that outdoor food and beverage marketing differs by community demographics, with more advertisements in lower-income communities and near schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the density of sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type (middle vs. high school) and by school-level SES. Methods Data are from the Outdoor Measuring and Evaluating the Determinants and Influence of Advertising (MEDIA)study, which documented and described all outdoor food and beverage advertisements near 47 middle and high schools in 2012. Beverage advertisements were categorized as: sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated, non-sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, or non-sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated. Schools were categorized by type (middle vs high) and by SES as determined by the percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch. Bootstrapped non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests compared the number of advertisements in each category by school type and school-level SES (higher vs lower). Results Compared to schools with higher SES, schools with lower SES had significantly more advertisements for sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated beverages (Medianlow = 28.5 (IQR 17–69), vs Medianhigh = 10.5 (IQR 4–17) (p = 0.002)., sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 46 (IQR 16–99) vs Medianhigh = 13.5 (IQR 6–25), p = 0.002), -sugar-sweetened caffeinated (Medianlow = 12 (IQR 8–19) vs Medianhigh = 6 (IQR 2–8), p = 0.000), and non-sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 30 (IQR 13–65) vs Medianhigh = 14 (IQR 4–29), p = 0.045).There were no significant differences by school type. Conclusion This study adds to the literature demonstrating pervasive marketing of unhealthy products in lower-income communities. Disproportionate exposure to sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements in lower-income communities may contribute to the disparities in associated health outcomes by economic status.

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Socioeconomic disparities in outdoor branded advertising in San Francisco and Oakland, California

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements

School-Level Socioeconomic Status and Nutrient Content of Outdoor Food/Beverage Advertisements

Investigating the Effect of Outdoor Advertising on Consumer Decisions: An Eye-Tracking and A/B Testing Study of Car Drivers’ Perception

Comparing the number of outdoor sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type and school-level economic advantage

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