Socioeconomic Determinants of Inequality in Smoking Stages: A Distributive Analysis on a Sample of Male High School Students

Abstract

The effect of socioeconomic status on adolescent smoking behaviors is unclear, and sparse studies are available about the potential association. The present study aimed to measure and explain socioeconomic inequality in smoking behavior among a sample of Iranian adolescents. In a cross-sectional survey, a multistage sample of adolescents ( n = 1,064) was recruited from high school students in Zanjan city, northwest of Iran. Principal component analysis was used to measure economic status of adolescents. Concentration index was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in smoking behavior, and then it was decomposed to reveal inequality contributors. Concentration index and its 95% confidence interval for never, experimental, and regular smoking behaviors were 0.004 [-0.03, 0.04], 0.05 [0.02, 0.11], and -0.10 [-0.04, -0.19], respectively. The contribution of economic status to measured inequality in experimental and regular smoking was 80.0% and 68.8%, respectively. Household economic status could be targeted as one of the relevant factors in the unequal distribution of smoking behavior among adolescents.

Socioeconomic inequality in smoking and its determinants in the Islamic Republic of Iran

“…Several local studies have examined the status of inequality in smoking. One of these evaluated 1064 high school students in Zanjan: the concentration index for regular smoking was -0.10 and the household economic status had the most important role in this inequality (30). A study in Kurdistan reported significant inequality in smoking in 2005 and 2009 (21).…”

“…In all tests, the significance level was 0.05, and the effect of cluster sampling was considered in calculating the confidence interval by using the "svy" command in Stata software (29). The distribution map of inequality was prepared using ArcGIS software (30).…”

A Qualitative Study on Chinese Canadian Male Immigrants’ Perspectives on Stopping Smoking: Implications for Tobacco Control in China

“…The findings from the current study also suggest some missing strategies in FCTC, regarding China. Numerous studies have provided evidence for the effectiveness of increasing taxes on tobacco products to promote smoking cessation (Ayubi et al, 2017; Hu et al, 2010; World Health Organization, 2014). Often overlooked is the need to decrease the wide range of cigarette brand prices in China.…”

Transition in smoking stages and its relationship with family psychological function and perceived social support in adolescents of Tabriz, Iran

“…on 4,903 students aging 14–19 years in Tabriz, in which the intra-class correlation coefficient was obtained equal to 0.929 from the questions. [ 19 ] Also, according to previous studies,[ 22 23 ] cigarette smoking in three statues of nonsmoker (one who has never smoked even a little), experiment smoker (one who has tried smoking, but at most 100 cigarettes), and regular smoker (daily or on most days of the week) were considered.…”