Socioeconomic consequences of natural disasters on gender relations: The case of Haiti

Llorente-Marrón, Mar; Fernández, M. Montserrat Díaz; Moreno, Sandra Dema; Méndez-Rodrı́guez, Paz

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101693

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Results of the estimation of the effect of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003( ), Honduras (2007( and 2009 and Haiti (2010) The results of our study reveal, in line with earlier scientific evidence, that the earthquakes that occurred in the Dominican Republic (2003( ), Honduras (2007( and 2010 and Haiti (2010) have had a negative impact on the wealth factor of households headed by women, in urban areas as well as rural areas (Gray 1993;Enarson et al 2006;Zottarelli 2008;Horton 2012;Bradshaw and Fordham 2013;Llorente-Marrón et al 2020a;Lebni et al 2020). Furthermore, it is of particular note that, in rural areas, the sign of the effect that the disaster had on household wealth with respect to the gender of the head of the household changed from the predisaster period to the postdisaster.…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…An example of this is the fact that after the earthquakes in Mexico in 1985 and El Salvador in 2001, women at the lower end of the socioeconomic scale had to deal not only with the destruction of their homes, but also the loss of their livelihood: for many of them, their home was not only the place where they lived, but also their work space as it was where they carried out informal work, principally related to caring for dependents, preparing food and washing clothes (Dufka 1988;Arenas Ferriz 2001). More recently, Llorente-Marrón et al (2020a) analysed the socioeconomic impact of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti on gender relations, observing that gender inequality not only persisted, but also widened after the disaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas

Cocina Díaz,

Llorente-Marrón,

Dema Moreno

2024

Nat Hazards

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Socioenvironmental disasters are extraordinary occurrences which produce serious consequences for the impacted population. This impact is not immune to gender effects, as various studies has shown that after such a disaster there is an increase in economic inequality and the social vulnerability of women. Through the research reported in this article we have explored this issue in more detail, analysing the effects that the earthquakes that hit the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) had on gender relations, making comparisons between urban and rural areas. To examine the impact of these disasters, the data source employed was the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Using the Differences in Differences technique (DID), our results reveal that, although the whole population was affected by the disaster, the impact was more intense in households headed by a woman, especially those in rural areas.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas

Cocina Díaz,

Llorente-Marrón,

Dema Moreno

2024

Nat Hazards

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“…Increased mortality was also observable in elderly males and male children, although in less extreme ways. To explain the increase in female mortality, insights might be gained from recent studies on catastrophic events in rural areas in underdeveloped countries where disasters have an emphatic effect on existing discriminatory patterns, exacerbate challenges people have accessing and managing resources (Llorente‐Marrón et al, 2020), and result in increased instances of violence against women (le Masson et al, 2016; Parkinson & Zara, 2013; Rao, 2020). These patterns existed in Spanish rural environments well into the twentieth century (García Martínez, 1990; Menéndez González, 2006; Pérez Álvarez, 2014), including in relation to female infanticide: Until the first half of the twentieth century, families resorted to this practice to shift sexual composition of their offspring and justified a preference towards sons on the grounds that, in the event of resource shortages, they could migrate out and send back remittances and could labour in more occupations in any case (Beltrán Tapia & Gallego‐Martínez, 2020; Echavarri, 2021; Marco‐Gracia & Beltrán Tapia, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaster, demographics, and vulnerability: Interrogating the long‐term effects of an extreme weather event

García-Hernández

2022

Geographical Research

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Climate risk events act on existing inequalities, causing unequal damage across social groups and showing that established vulnerability should be a key consideration in preventing and mitigating the consequences of weather extremes. The disastrous snowfalls that affected Asturias in Northern Spain in the winter of 1888 provide an intriguing and useful historical example of why such consideration is vital. This article is based on analysis of church records and population censuses of 22 mountain parishes over a 21-year period. It examines the long-term sociodemographic impacts of that weather event and reveals dramatic changes in fertility, mortality, and nuptiality. Marriages and births decreased by 67% in the 2 years following the snowstorms, when the highest levels of mortality were reached. The excess mortality especially affected those adults over 70, infants under 5, and, most notably, women. A livelihood crisis was at the base of these long-term effects. Those demographic impacts point to the event's severity and show that the repercussions of a disaster go far beyond deaths and material losses and are deeply rooted in social factors. These findings reinforce the idea that reconstructing old disastrous episodes is of great social and scientific interest now. That is because, as governments and others are progressively paying more attention to the possibilities of adaptation to global change, there is greater appreciation of the fact that delving into the long-term impacts of past natural disasters can guide our main future strategies.

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“…Since then, substantial advances have been made that point to the greater vulnerability of women, which is reflected in their higher levels of mortality in certain disasters and the worse effect on their health (Oxfam International 2005;Akerkar 2007;Bradshaw and Fordham 2013). The data also indicate that following a disaster, there is an increase in violence against women (Fisher 2010;Seager 2014), as well as a widening of economic inequality (Wiest et al 1995;Bradshaw and Fordham 2013;Llorente-Marrón et al 2020a) and a rise in women's social vulnerability (Llorente-Marrón et al 2020b). Specifically, research suggests that in dealing with these situations, pre-existing gender inequalities are evident in all dimensions and phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

How do women face the emergency following a disaster? A PRISMA 2020 systematic review

et al. 2022

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The aim of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of scientific articles from a social sciences perspective that focus on the role of women as active subjects during an emergency, particularly in terms of evacuation actions in the aftermath of disasters of natural origin. The methology used in the present literature review was designed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. The databases used were Web of Science and SCOPUS. This systematic review comprises the 25 articles which met our selection criteria out of the 63,852 studies initially found in the search. Although the progressive incorporation of a gender perspective can be seen in the academic study of disasters within the field of social sciences, the scientific production, especially with reference to the emergency phase, remains scant. The current literature reveals the importance of taking into account the knowledge women have, as well as how they behave following a disaster of natural origin. The results of the analysis carried out demonstrate that in making visible how gender roles operate during the early response period in an emergency, especially in relation to the role played by women as active subjects, the traditional notion of rescue is extended. On the basis of this analysis, recommendations are made which can facilitate an approach to disaster risk management that guarantees gender equality in an emergency.

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Socioeconomic consequences of natural disasters on gender relations: The case of Haiti

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas

The socio-economic consequences of the earthquakes in the Dominican Republic (2003), Honduras (2007 and 2009) and Haiti (2010) on gender relations: urban vs. rural areas

Disaster, demographics, and vulnerability: Interrogating the long‐term effects of an extreme weather event

How do women face the emergency following a disaster? A PRISMA 2020 systematic review

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