The study of vulnerability constitutes a central axis in research work on sustainability. Social vulnerability (SV) analyzes differences in human capacity to prepare, respond and recover from the impact of a natural hazard. Although disasters threaten all the people who suffer from them, they do not affect all members of society in the same way. Social and economic inequalities make certain groups more vulnerable. Factors such as age, sex, social class and ethnic identity increase vulnerability to a natural disaster. Ten years after the earthquake in Haiti in 2010, this work deepens the relationship between natural disasters, SV and gender, exploring the unequal distribution of the SV in the face of a seismic risk. The source of statistical information has been obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), developed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Multicriteria decision techniques (TOPSIS) and the differences in differences (DID) technique are used to analyze variations in gender inequality in SV as a result of the catastrophic event. The results obtained reinforce the idea of the negative impact of the disaster on the SV. Additionally, an intensification of the negative effects is observed when the household is headed by a woman, increasing the gap in SV between households headed by women and the rest of the households. The conclusions obtained show additional evidence of the negative effects caused by natural disasters on women, and important implications for disaster risk management are derived that should not be ignored.

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PurposeThe aim of this article is to reveal the extent to which a disaster situation contributed to fostering leadership in the population affected in terms of gender.Design/methodology/approachFor this article, four focus groups were conducted, all of them composed of people directly involved in the earthquake and tsunami in Chile on February 27, 2010, two of them made up of women and the other two of men.FindingsThe research revealed that male leadership during the response and recovery processes is linked to traditional gender roles although the continuity of this differed between the two phases. With respect to women, they were found to be very active in the response phase in terms of managing emergency aid, a task linked to their reproductive and care roles. Women's leadership also appears in the recovery phase, where the collective dimension of their actions stands out, defying to some extent these roles and highlighting their capacity to adapt to the challenges of the disaster.Originality/valueUnderstanding the leadership that unfolds in the population affected by this disaster during the response and recovery phases has significant potential to inform and influence the development of risk reduction policies that are more effective, egalitarian and resilient.

Resumen. Este trabajo destaca algunos síntomas notorios en múltiples sociedades a partir de la instalación de las "tecnologías emergentes", en particular las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Apoyados en la idea de que esa capacidad tecnológica está provocando una recomposición de la cultura en un neocapitalismo conexionista, señalamos que además de la constricción del campo de lo posible operada por el sistema de una economía de mercado central y monetizado, los artefactos y dispositivos tecnológicos-particularmente los portátiles-están ejerciendo una nueva constricción, por la vía de una re-organización de ese campo de lo posible. Encontramos signos inquietantes de pérdidas de la autonomía, una reducción de los márgenes para el ejercicio de ésta por parte de los individuos y las colectividades. La situación termina de complicarse cuando vemos que en las sociedades con una capacidad instalada de tecnologías de la comunicación y el transporte, efectivamente se prodigan las formas reticulares en múltiples ámbitos: producción, provisión de servicios (shared economy), vecindario, escuela, universidad, etc. "La red", como metáfora, transmite mucho de lo que sucede, y cómo, en nuestras vidas cotidianas. Concebimos la sociabilidad como la forma que pueden adoptar las concurrencias, la forma del "estar haciendo algo juntos", las formas del "poner en común algo", las formas del "hacer en torno y a propósito de ese algo puesto en común", planteamos la hipótesis de que con las tecnologías emergentes y la reticulación social, se ha puesto también en marcha un vector de componente centrífugo que bloquea, dificulta o inhibe la sociabilidad. Palabras clave: autonomía; estandarización; macrodatos; minería de datos; multitarea.[en] Emergent Technologies, networks that lurks the sociability Abstract. This paper highlights several symptoms that can be observed in multiple societies since the installation of so called "emergent technologies", especially technologies of information and communication. Supported on the idea that this technological capacity provokes an alteration of the culture, which becomes a connectionist neo-capitalism, we suggest that besides the constriction of the "field of the possible" produced by the system of a central market economy, the appliances and technological devices -the portable ones particularly-, exerts a new constriction and, actually, reorganization, of this "field of the possible"". We find this as disturbing signs of loss of autonomy, such as a reduction in margins for the exercise of autonomy by individuals and collectivities. We will argue that the situation becomes sophisticated in societies with a high installed capacity of communication, information and transportation technologies. In such societies, in fact, reticular forms are lavished in multiple areas: production, provision of services (shared economy), neighborhood, school, university, etc. No doubt "the network" is the metaphor that best conveys much of what happens and the ways it happens in our daily lives. Starti...

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