Sociocultural influences on eating disorders in professional female ballet dancers

Hamilton, Linda H.; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne; Warren, Michelle P.

doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198511)4:4<465::aid-eat2260040407>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 78 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Other researchers have similarly concluded that BN may be the result of the incorporation of cultural standards regarding thinness, hence the apparent relationship between these variables (Wiederman and Pryor 2000). Even though eating disorders were once thought to be predominantly a white upper-middle-class disorder (Hamilton, Brooks-Gunn, and Warren 1985), the present study demonstrated that Hispanics and Anglos are similar in their dissatisfaction with their body size, in their desire to be thinner, and in the extent to which they report symptoms of bulimia nervosa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Explanatory Variance in Bulimia Nervosa

McComb¹,

Clopton²

2002

Women & Health

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In order to prevent disease, one must understand the factors that contribute to the variance of the illness. In an effort to better understand factors that contribute to bulimia nervosa (BN), a study was designed to investigate explanatory factors in BN. Of particular interest to the researchers in the study was the effect of the Hispanic subculture on the variance of BN. Female participants (n = 372) and male participants (n = 109) from the ages of 17-49 agreed to serve in the study. A self-report scale designed to assess the symptoms of BN was the criterion variable in the study. Predictor variables included in the regression model were drive for thinness, body mass index (BMI), age, and ethnicity (Hispanic or Anglo). Separate analyses were run for males and females. Based on the results of the analysis it seems that the desire to be thinner and an individual's BMI contribute to the variance in BN for females, but not for males. There was no difference in the attitudes associated with BN between Hispanic (n = 27) and Anglo (n = 321) females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Explanatory Variance in Bulimia Nervosa

McComb¹,

Clopton²

2002

Women & Health

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“…Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the prevalence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in female athletes (13,27,31,36,40,45,46,56,67,74,83,84,99), to date few studies have specifically or deliberately examined the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders (33,73,83). Anecdotal reports and research providing indirect evidence, however, seem to suggest that the incidence of subclinical eating disorders in female athletes is quite high, particularly among those participating in sports that require a low body weight (12,15,22,27,40,58,64,73,81).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Subclinical Eating Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Consequences of Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes

Beals¹,

Manore²

1994

International Journal of Sport Nutrition

120

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A growing body of evidence suggests that the prevalence of eating disorders and excessive concerns regarding body weight in certain subpopulations of female athletes are increasing. The pressure on female athletes to improve their performances and physiques, coupled with the general sociocultural demand placed on all women to be thin, often results in attempts to achieve unrealistic body size and body weight goals. For some female athletes the pressure to achieve and maintain a low body weight leads to potentially harmful patterns of restrictive eating or chronic dieting. This paper seeks to further delineate the characteristics of a recently identified subclinical eating disorder in female athletes: anorexia athletica. Research studies that support the existence of subclinical eating disorders will be reviewed. In addition, the possible physiological and psychological consequences of subclinical eating disorders will be explored.Key Words: anorexia athletica, dieting, body image, energy intake, energy expenditure, exercise performance For millions of women dieting has become a way of life. It is estimated that currently 40% of all American women are trying to lose weight (49). This national obsession for weight loss is fueled primarily by the intemperate value that society places on physical perfection and the subsequent unrelenting pressures on women to achieve the archetype of perfection, a thin physique (69). Indeed, over the last three decades there has been a marked trend toward an increasingly, almost unrealistically, thin ideal of women's beauty (70). Consequently, pressure is put on young women to restrict their food intake-to diet-to achieve this consummate thinness. Unfortunately, studies indicate that most attempts at longterm weight loss fail (14,50,55,95,96). Efforts to achieve and maintain an excessively thin body shape are often futile because body weight and shape are strongly influenced by biological and physiological variables that predestine women to be heavier than the current sociocultural ideal (9,82

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“…Baixo peso e má nutrição são fatores importantes na determinação do início da desmineralização na presença de amenorréia. A incidência de anorexia nervosa em bailarinas varia de 5 a 22% (37). O relacionamento entre exercício e DMA é complexo e incompletamente esclarecido.…”

Section: Tríade Da Mulher Atletaunclassified

Alterações hormonais da mulher atleta

Pardini¹

2001

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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RESUMOO propósito desta revisão é focalizar o exercício como modulador da reprodução humana, resumir e integrar os dados atuais referentes ao eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal na mulher atleta. A prevalência de disfunção menstrual, tal como fase lútea deficiente, oligomenorréia, amenorréia e retardo puberal, é maior entre o grupo de mulheres atletas quando comparado à população geral. Vários fatores podem predispor e contribuir para o desenvolvimento das irregularidades menstruais durante o programa de atividade física, sendo considerados fatores de risco, entre eles, baixo peso, teor de gordura corporal e estados hipoestrogênicos. O hipoestrogenismo pode afetar o pico de massa óssea na puberdade e acarretar perda óssea prematura irreversível. O artigo revisa os efeitos fisiológicos do treinamento físico nos vários sistemas endócrinos e aborda informações clínicas a respeito dos distúrbios hormonais especí-ficos da mulher atleta. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this review is to focus the exercise as a modulator of human reproduction and to summarize and integrate current data concerning the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in exercising women. The prevalence of menstrual dysfunctions, as the luteal phase deficiency, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and menarcheal delay are greater among athletes than in the general population. Many factors undergo changes during the course of an athletic training program and any or all of these may contribute to disturbances in menstrual cyclicity. A number of risk factors have been identified as predisposing women to the development of menstrual irregularities, such as low body weight, body fat and hypoestrogenic status. Hypoestrogenism may affect peak bone mass in the puberty and lead to irreversible premature bone loss. This paper reviews the physiologic effects of fitness training on various endocrine systems and provides clinical information about specific endocrine disturbances in athlete women. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2001;45/4:343-351) Keywords: Fitness training; Amenorrhea; Osteoporosis; Eating disorders; Endocrine disturbances. ALTERAÇÕES HORMONAIS DA MULHER ATLETAA participação em competições esportivas e programas de atividade física tem adquirido importância crescente na vida da maior parte das crianças e adolescentes. Nos últimos 20 anos o número de mulheres atletas, em particular, tem aumentado consideravelmente. A participação feminina cresceu cerca de 600% abrangendo um total de mais de 1,9 milhões de mulheres atletas (1). Uma conseqüência inevitável e talvez lamentável desse fenômeno tem sido a revisão Alterações Hormonais da Mulher Atleta

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Sociocultural influences on eating disorders in professional female ballet dancers

Cited by 78 publications

References 21 publications

Explanatory Variance in Bulimia Nervosa

Explanatory Variance in Bulimia Nervosa

The Prevalence and Consequences of Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes

Alterações hormonais da mulher atleta

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