Sociocultural and geographical disparities in child immunization in Nepal

Predictors of Immunization Defaulting among Children Age 12-23 Months in Hawassa Zuria District of Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Unmatched Case Control Study

“…Children who borne from illiterate mothers were 3.6 times more likely to default from immunization schedule than children who borne from mothers who had attended secondary or higher education: This is consistent with the study done by Edward Bbaale, which showed that maternal education contribute to bring important changes on attitudes, traditions and beliefs, which increase autonomy and control over household resources, which enhance healthcare seeking, whereas illiteracy had high risk of defaulting [10]. Another finding from Nepal and Philippines were in line with this study that maternal education was important predictors for immunization defaulting [11], [12]. This might be due to the low level of understanding about the benefits of vaccination, low chance of exposure and difficult to listen a message in Amharic from radio and TV, among illiterates.…”

Rural livelihood change? Household capital, community resources and livelihood transition

“…Although not directly related to livelihood transition, other studies in this setting and Nepal provided mixed results of differences by caste/ethnicity. For example, Bhandari, Shrestha and Ghimire (2007) using the 2001 Nepal Demographic Health Survey Data found that Brahmin and Chhetri (high caste Hindu) were not significantly different from other caste/ethnic groups such as Dalit, hill Janajati, Terai Janajati and Newar in child immunization. Similarly, Axinn and Ghimire (2011) reported that household-level vegetation consumption – use of common land for grazing or collection of fodder did not vary by caste/ethnicity in this setting of Western Chitwan Valley.…”

“…However, in the absence of these direct measures, I consider the socio-cultural context – the caste-ethnic diversity existing in Nepal and the Valley. The caste-ethnicity entails important socio-cultural structure of Nepal (NESAC, 1998; Bhandari, Shrestha and Ghimire, 2007; Bennet, Dahal and Govindasamy, 2008) and enables or hinders the access to assets and activities through social relations (Allison and Ellis, 2001). …”

Immunization Status of Internally Displaced Iraqi Children During 2017

“…The Data were collected by a questionnaire which was adapted from many researches [15][16][17][18][19] after some modification to some questions, later it was translated into arabic language. The primary form of modified questionnaire was reviewed by 3 expert spescialists (one in community medicine and two in family Medicine),thereafter the study tool was pretested as a pilot study on 25 participants, who were excluded from the study sample to assess the time needed to fulfill the questionnaire and to test the difficulty of questions if present.…”