“…Smith's (2014) review on L2 education and multimodal approaches to writing showed that a multimodal approach to teaching in L2 was beneficial to student learning in a number of areas, including academic writing, when combined with explicit instruction. Research on L1 supports the benefits of multimodality for developing writing and reading both in early L1 education (Mackenzie and Veresov, 2013;Sofkova Hashemi, 2017) and throughout the school years (Oldham, 2005;Pantaleo, 2012;Svärdemo Åberg and Åkerfeldt, 2017). There are also studies which report on how a multimodal approach is difficult to enact in the classroom due to issues related to school traditions, teachers' competence, the challenges of power relations in the classroom and even the students' resistance (Aagard and Silseth, 2017; Cederlund and Sofkova Hashemi, 2018;Gilje, 2010;Godhe, 2014;Olin-Scheller, 2006).…”