Abstract-As been highlighted by many, for instance by PISA, Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is a critical and necessary 21 st century skill across educational settings. While many initiatives have been launched to investigate the nature of these skills, fewer are the attempts to understand how they should be assessed. However, in 2015, the PISA organization presented a framework for assessing CPS skills. This paper reports on an exploratory study investigating the predictive validity of the PISA assessment framework and if and how modes of communication influence the assessment of 24 students' collaborative problem solving activities when using a computer-based assessment task system. The findings presented demonstrate that the PISA CPS assessment framework have a weak predictive validity, does not count for quality or productivity in communication, and that the mode of communication indeed influence CPS processes and in turn what is possible to assess.
In recent years, national access to and use of digital tools has increased rapidly in Swedish schools. This article draws upon experiences from a qualitative study conducted in Sweden. This study explored student's use of multimodal texts and how students and their teachers perceive and recognize the multimodal texts produced in project assignments. The empirical material was gathered from six different project assignments at two different secondary schools in Sweden. The data consisted of students' multimodal text productions, participant observation and interviews and the theoretical framework drew on literacy studies and multimodal perspectives on design for learning. Despite the digital tools and the multimodal opportunities provided in the investigated literacy practices, the students mainly used linguistic design for representing knowledge. The students' multimodal texts were shaped by local scopes and educational traditions. The written texts were more recognized by the teachers and students and valued in relation to the practice of assessment and grading. The results reveal a need towards developing teaching and assessment practices so that text production encompasses a pedagogy of multiliteracies.
This article explores how resources used in test situations shape pupils' writing and to some extent their possibilities to represent their knowledge. Two conditions (pen-and-paper and digital) are investigated in two subjects.
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