Socio-economic environment, area facilities and obesity and physical inactivity among children

Villanueva, Rosa; Albaladejo, Romana; Astasio, Paloma; Ortega, Paloma; Santos, Juan Matías; Regidor, Enrique

doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv215

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Regarding the socioeconomic gradient, the Soltero et al study also found differences in all three cities by education and poverty levels. In Madrid, a recent study showed that youth living in more disadvantaged areas had greater odds of being obese compared with those living in more advantaged areas [64]. Yet, to date, there is no research for Southern European cities like Madrid, assessing whether these social disparities in obesity are associated with the food environment surrounding children and adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Retail Food Environment around Schools in a Southern European Context

et al. 2019

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Across Europe, excess body weight rates are particularly high among children and adolescents living in Southern European contexts. In Spain, current food policies appeal to voluntary self-regulation of the food industry and parents’ responsibility. However, there is no research (within Spain) assessing the food environment surrounding schools. We examined the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (NSES) and the spatial access to an unhealthy food environment around schools using both counts and distance measures, across the city of Madrid. We conducted a cross-sectional study citywide (n = 2443 census tracts). In 2017, we identified all schools (n = 1321) and all food retailers offering unhealthy food and beverages surrounding them (n = 6530) using publicly available data. We examined both the counts of retailers (within 400 m) and the distance (in meters) from the schools to the closest retailer. We used multilevel regressions to model the association of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (NSES) with both measures, adjusting both models for population density. Almost all schools (95%) were surrounded by unhealthy retailers within 400 m (median = 17 retailers; interquartile range = 8–34). After adjusting for population density, NSES remained inversely associated with unhealthy food availability. Schools located in low-NSES areas (two lowest quintiles) showed, on average, 29% (IRR (Incidence Rate Ratio) = 1.29; 95% CI (Confidence Interval) = 1.12, 1.50) and 62% (IRR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.95) more counts of unhealthy retailers compared with schools in middle-NSES areas (ref.). Schools in high-NSES areas were farther from unhealthy food sources than those schools located in middle-NSES areas (β = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.14, 0.47). Regulating the school food environment (within and beyond school boundaries) may be a promising direction to prevent and reduce childhood obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Retail Food Environment around Schools in a Southern European Context

et al. 2019

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“…In low-income countries, children in the poorest households have been more affected by under-nutrition as they are exposed to suboptimal living conditions like poor sanitation while their better-off counterparts may have better living conditions but suffer from being overweight/obesity [8,[10][11][12][13]. However, in many settings, there is evidence that the burden of obesity is shifting towards the more vulnerable populations as inexpensive high-energy-dense and ultra-processed foods are becoming more available, affordable, convenient and therefore more readily consumed [1,[14][15][16][17]. These transitions are particularly pronounced in urban settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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In Sub-Saharan Africa, being overweight in childhood is rapidly rising while stunting is still remaining at unacceptable levels. A key contributor to this double burden of malnutrition is dietary changes associated with nutrition transition. Although the importance of socio-economic drivers is known, there is limited knowledge about their stratification and relative importance to diet and to different forms of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to assess diet diversity and malnutrition in preschoolers and evaluate the relative importance of socioeconomic resources. Households with children under five (5467) were enrolled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Standardized tools and procedures were used to collect data on diet, anthropometry and socio-economic factors. Multivariable analysis with cluster adjustment was performed. The prevalence of stunting was 19.6% (18.5-20.6), wasting 3.2% (2.8-3.7), and overweight/obesity 11.4% (10.6-12.2). Stunting, overweight, wasting and limited diet diversity was present in all social strata. Low maternal education was associated with an increased risk of stunting (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.8; 1.4-2.2), limited diet diversity (AOR: 0.33; 0.26-0.42) and reduced odds of being overweight (AOR: 0.61; 0.44-0.84). Preschoolers in Addis Ababa have limited quality diets and suffer from both under-and over-nutrition. Maternal education was an important explanatory factor for stunting and being overweight. Interventions that promote diet quality for the undernourished whilst also addressing the burgeoning problem of being overweight are needed. software, S.A.; validation, H.Y.B., Y.B. and S.A.; formal analysis, H.Y.B., S.A.; investigation, H.Y.B., Y.B.; resources, H.Y.B., M.J., Y.B., B.A., E.-C.E.; data curation, E.-C.E., S.A.; writing-original draft preparation, H.Y.B.; writing-review and editingsupervision, H.Y.B.; project administration, H.Y.B., Y.B., E.-C.E.; funding acquisition, H.Y.B., M.J., Y.B., B.A., E.-C.E. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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“…In most transitional countries, significant deviations from recommendations for healthy lifestyle was noted in childrens' habits, knowledge and practice [12][13][14] . Furthermore, a change in diet and sedentary lifestyle has been reflected in an increase of the number of overweight and obese children 15 . Measuring and assessing physical activity in childhood and the period of adolescence are important for the regulation of body weight, and they give important information on health potential as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Physical Activity Among Healthy Serbian Adolescents

Nikolic

Jovanović

Stanković

2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Physical activity (PA) remains the most important modifiable risk factor in the prevention of chronic diseases that are major killers in the modern era. However, many young people today do not meet the recommended guidelines on PA. Few studies were found on the levels of physical activity among adolescents from transitional countries. Objective: To determine the levels of physical activity in a representative sample of healthy adolescents from Pančevo (Serbia), and the factors that determine these level. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 401 randomly selected adolescents (191 boys and 210 girls) from the city of Pančevo, Serbia. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), validated for Serbia, was applied. PA was expressed as metabolic equivalent-minute per week (MET-min/week) and classified as low, moderate, or high. Results: The median PA for the whole sample was 2049.18 MET-min/week. The average PA score in boys was higher (2680 MET-min/week) than in girls (1479 MET-min/week). The prevalence of respondents with inadequate PA was 53.9%, and was higher in girls than in boys. Boys showed the higher values for intense and moderate PA, while the prevalent type of PA among girls was walking. Level of PA did not depend on the adolescent's nutritional status. The most important predictors of PA among the participants were sex, father's PA, and hours spent on sedentary activities like using a computer and watching television. Conclusion: Adolescents in Pančevo do not practice enough physical activity, especially girls. Better strategies are needed, to increase levels of PA, considering the main predictors in the adolescent population. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.

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Socio-economic environment, area facilities and obesity and physical inactivity among children

Abstract: In the city of Madrid, socio-economic context of neighbourhood of residence shows an inverse relationship with obesity but not with physical inactivity among children. The relationship observed with obesity is not explained by the availability of area facilities.

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Retail Food Environment around Schools in a Southern European Context

Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Retail Food Environment around Schools in a Southern European Context

Social Stratification, Diet Diversity and Malnutrition among Preschoolers: A Survey of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Characteristics of Physical Activity Among Healthy Serbian Adolescents

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