Socio-economic dynamics in slums and implications for sanitation sustainability in Kisumu, Kenya

Simiyu, Sheillah

doi:10.1080/09614524.2015.1073223

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In order to calculate the sample size, the alpha level was set at 95% and the power at 90% to increase the representativeness of the sample to the population. Based on preliminary findings [32], the difference between compounds with sanitation facilities and those without sanitation facilities was 27.8. Similarly, the standard deviation, between those with and without sanitation facilities, was 0.48.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common sanitation facilities in the settlements are traditional pit latrines with a few septic tanks [31]. When these sanitation facilities are available, they are often shared within a compound [29, 32], and as mentioned, are inadequate in cleanliness, privacy, and safety [32]. Half of the compounds in the settlements lack sanitation facilities, and cases of flying toilets (the practice of defecating in a plastic bag and flinging it away) have been reported [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

et al. 2017

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BackgroundShared facilities are not recognised as improved sanitation due to challenges of maintenance as they easily can be avenues for the spread of diseases. Thus there is need to evaluate the quality of shared facilities, especially in informal settlements, where they are commonly used. A shared facility can be equated to a common good whose management depends on the users. If users do not work collectively towards keeping the facility clean, it is likely that the quality may depreciate due to lack of maintenance. This study examined the quality of shared sanitation facilities and used the common pool resource (CPR) management principles to examine the determinants of shared sanitation quality in the informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya.MethodsUsing a multiple case study design, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. In both phases, users of shared sanitation facilities were interviewed, while shared sanitation facilities were inspected. Shared sanitation quality was a score which was the dependent variable in a regression analysis. Interviews during the qualitative stage were aimed at understanding management practices of shared sanitation users. Qualitative data was analysed thematically by following the CPR principles.ResultsShared facilities, most of which were dirty, were shared by an average of eight households, and their quality decreased with an increase in the number of households sharing. The effect of numbers on quality is explained by behaviour reflected in the CPR principles, as it was easier to define boundaries of shared facilities when there were fewer users who cooperated towards improving their shared sanitation facility. Other factors, such as defined management systems, cooperation, collective decision making, and social norms, also played a role in influencing the behaviour of users towards keeping shared facilities clean and functional.ConclusionApart from hardware factors, quality of shared sanitation is largely due to group behaviour of users. The CPR principles form a crucial lens through which the dynamics of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements can be understood. Development and policy efforts should incorporate group behaviour as they determine the quality of shared sanitation facilities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

et al. 2017

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“…These stakeholders include public health officers, CHEWs, chiefs, local leaders, CBOs and NGOs. The local authorities, such as chiefs and community health workers have been working with CBOs and NGO's to raise awareness on the importance of sanitation and to promote access to sanitation through community projects (Simiyu 2015).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately, half of the population in these settlements lacks sanitation facilities (Karanja 2010). Studies in Kisumu's informal settlements highlight that tenants rely on landlords to provide sanitation facilities (Simiyu 2015). These sanitation facilities are often shared among households in a compound and studies indicate that traditional pit latrines are predominant in the settlements, although other technologies, such as septic tanks and Ecosan toilets, are also used (Letema et al 2014).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sanitation facilities are often shared among households in a compound and studies indicate that traditional pit latrines are predominant in the settlements, although other technologies, such as septic tanks and Ecosan toilets, are also used (Letema et al 2014). Most of these sanitation facilities are dirty, an indication of a lack of or inadequate cleaning (Simiyu 2015;). Due to poor workmanship and loose soils, these latrines often collapse in the rainy seasons (UN-Habitat 2005).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decision-making on shared sanitation in the informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya

Simiyu

Swilling

Cairncross

2017

International Journal of Environmental Health Research

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Unlike most quantitative studies that investigate decision-making on investing in sanitation, this study adopted a qualitative approach to investigate decision-making on shared sanitation in the informal settlements of Kisumu city, in Kenya. Using a grounded theory approach, landlords and tenants were interviewed to identify sanitation decisions, individuals involved in decision-making and factors influencing decision-making. The results indicate that the main sanitation decisions are on investment, emptying, repair and cleaning. Landlords make investment, emptying and repair decisions, while tenants make cleaning decisions. Absentee landlords are less involved in most decision-making compared to live-in landlords, who rarely consult tenants in decision-making. Tenants make decisions after consultations with a third party and often collectively with other tenants. Sanitation interventions in informal settlements should thus, target landlords and tenants, with investment efforts being directed at landlords and maintenance efforts at tenants.

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NGOs fostering transitions towards sustainable urban sanitation in low-income countries: Insights from Transition Management and Development Studies

Welie

Romijn

2018

Environmental Science & Policy

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Socio-economic dynamics in slums and implications for sanitation sustainability in Kisumu, Kenya

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

Determinants of quality of shared sanitation facilities in informal settlements: case study of Kisumu, Kenya

Decision-making on shared sanitation in the informal settlements of Kisumu, Kenya

NGOs fostering transitions towards sustainable urban sanitation in low-income countries: Insights from Transition Management and Development Studies

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