Socio-Economic Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation in Bangladesh

Rahman, M. S.

doi:10.18551/rjoas.2013-01.01

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The probability of participating in off-farm labour activities decreases with education and location. Dary and Kunnibe [47] and [53] also reported similar findings. Educated farmers located far from the main city stand at a 0.845 and 0.922 chance of not pursuing off-farm labour activities.…”

Section: Determinants Of Participation In Off-farm Activitiessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The results explain that by increasing the total farming area by one unit, the chances of a farmer pursuing self-employment increases by the value of the associated odds ratio, which is 1.05. This finding is intuitive and justified because with increased farm area, households may receive additional income that can be invested in self-employment options such as opening a local retail shop, setting up vegetable/fruit stalls or starting a taxi company [53]. Similarly, the probability of participating in self-employed activities increases with both the rising number of household workers and the dependency ratio.…”

Section: Determinants Of Participation In Off-farm Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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Many farmers worldwide resort to choosing various income-earning options for diversifying their income sources as a means of risk-avoidance, social protection, and, above all, to finance agricultural operations. Non-farm income generation among farm families has become an imperative part of livelihood earning strategies in recent years amid fast-evolving climatic and sociodemographic changes. In this regard, this study seeks to identify the patterns and socioeconomic factors responsible for the uptake of various non-farm income diversification sources among agricultural households in southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 290 farm households were sampled using a random sampling technique to collect relevant data through structured questionnaires. Results show that approximately 79% of the surveyed farmers were involved in non-farm income generation activities, whereas, the income from these sources accounts for about 15% of total household income. The majority of the respondents offered labour for off-farm work followed by self-employment ventures. The major reason to pursue non-farm work includes low income from agriculture, mitigating risks associated with farming, and acquiring funds to finance farming operations, along with the desire to increase family income. A range of socioeconomic and infrastructure-related variables are associated with the decision to participate in specific off-farm activity, such as age, education, family size, farm income, dependency burden, farming experience, and distance to the main city. Results imply the provision of technical support to increase livelihood from farming operations to ensure food security and curb rural-urban migration. However, vocational training can enhance the rural inhabitants’ skillset to diversify on the farm through agribusiness development within rural areas, enabling them to employ local people instead of populating urban centres.

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Section: Determinants Of Participation In Off-farm Activitiessupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Determinants Of Participation In Off-farm Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan

et al. 2021

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“…Any kind of training related to the management of fish sanctuary will be helpful for the fishers to enrich knowledge about proper management of sanctuary and improving their livelihood. Rahman et al (2003) reported that about 49% farmers received formal training on prawn farming in Mymensingh area, which is higher than the present findings.…”

Section: Receiving Of Training Courses Of Fish Sanctuary Management S...contrasting

confidence: 96%

Socio-economic appraisal of fish sanctuary on livelihood of fishermen in Chikadubi beel of Dingapota Haor, Netrokona, Bangladesh

Alam,

Rahman,

Binti

et al. 2023

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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The investigation was conducted on the livelihood status of fishers of Chikadubi beel in Dingaputa haor, Netrokona district of Bangladesh for a period of 6 months from August 2020 to December 2020. A total 50 fishers were randomly selected and data were collected from them through direct interview. Focus group discussions were carried out by a previously made checklist. The results showed that the annual income of fishermen varied from BDT 30000 (270.79 USD) to BDT 70000 (631.85 USD). Maximum (58%) fishers were low-income levels from BDT 30000 (270.79 USD) to BDT 40000 (361.05 USD) and trying to shift their professions to other subsidiary professions. Among them 66% of the respondents indicated that this sanctuary is very effective in improving socio-economic status of the fishers. Relatively middle age group (31 to 40 years) dominated in all study areas. Muslim fishermen are the most dominant in the study area. 68% of the fishers live with nuclear families. The highest percentage (62%) fishers can sign only due to economic crisis and lack of awareness about education, (24%) having Primary level education, (14%) have no education as the children dropped out from school before completing their primary education. Housing and sanitation conditions of the fishermen were not well developed. Based on various livelihood parameters, fishermen are leading very poor state of lives. Sanctuary establishment and Community based aquatic resource management strategies may be undertaken with a view to enhance fish production to improve the livelihood condition of the fishers dwelling in the Chikadubi beel area of Dingaputa haor in Bangladesh.

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“…Such mixed findings may be due to the type and/or quality of the data and methodology used in those studies. Given nonfarm employment is a growing phenomenon in rural Bangladesh, several studies have investigated the determinants and impacts of nonfarm employment on household consumption and food security (see for example Malek and Usami, 2009;Mishra et al, 2015;Pramanik et al, 2014;Rahman, 2013;Raihan and Haque, 2018). Although the majority of the Bangladeshi population (65 percent) lives in rural areas, we have not located any study regarding the impact of nonfarm income on agricultural production in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nexus between rural nonfarm income and agricultural production in Bangladesh

Mondal

Selvanathan

2020

Applied Economics

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Evidence from the rural livelihood literature shows that farm households in developing countries engage in nonfarm employment to supplement their household income. This raises the question of whether nonfarm income complements or competes with agricultural production due to a possible shift in farm household labour to nonfarm employment. Using survey data, this study examines the impact of rural nonfarm income on farm households' agricultural production in Bangladesh. Applying the instrumental variable Tobit model, we find a nonlinear relationship between nonfarm income and total production expenditure as well as expenditures on major purchased inputs (equipment, seed, fertilizer, purchased labour). This indicates that when nonfarm income rises, production expenditure increases but at a decreasing rate. Furthermore, the endogenous stochastic frontier production model indicates that technical inefficiency in agricultural production decreases at an increasing rate when nonfarm income rises. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that nonfarm income exerts an income effect on agricultural production by reducing the liquidity constraint and intensifying major purchased inputs. Thus, introducing policies that would increase rural nonfarm income opportunities to rural households complements agricultural production. This would also lead to raised food production, ultimately leading to an increase in food availability as well as food security.

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Socio-Economic Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation in Bangladesh

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan

A Quest for Livelihood Sustainability? Patterns, Motives and Determinants of Non-Farm Income Diversification among Agricultural Households in Punjab, Pakistan

Socio-economic appraisal of fish sanctuary on livelihood of fishermen in Chikadubi beel of Dingapota Haor, Netrokona, Bangladesh

Nexus between rural nonfarm income and agricultural production in Bangladesh

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