Socio-economic demands and challenges for non-invasive disease diagnosis through a portable breathalyzer by the incorporation of 2D nanosheets and SMO nanocomposites

Abstract

Breath analysis for non-invasive clinical diagnostics and treatment progression has penetrated the research community owing to the technological developments in novel sensing nanomaterials.

2D/2D Nanostructured System Based on WO3/WS2 for Acetone Sensor and Breath Analyzer

“…Basic biological processes, such as blood metabolism, which is essential in regulating VOC concentrations at the cellular level, may result in the production of these VOCs. 6 Around 463 million people worldwide suffer from the severe chronic metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus. According to estimates, diabetes mellitus (DM) was responsible for 4.2 million adult deaths in 2019, or one death every 8 s. 16 Type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes are the three main classifications of the disease.…”

“…3,4 However, the majority of volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors on the market today provide data on total VOCs rather than individual VOC, and no sensor is available to work for biomedical-scale (lower concentrations) to industrial-scale (higher concentrations) applications, while selectivity is another issue that sensor technology faces. 5,6 Due to social expectations, critical sensor performance characteristics including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and utility must be increased. Sensor response, selectivity, resolution, accuracy, and precision limits of sensing devices are constantly being increased.…”

“…It is obvious that sensors that can deliver accurate timely information have a crucial role to play in limiting the transmission of viruses and diseases, thereby saving many lives, particularly during this period of sanitary emergency known as COVID-19. , Researchers in this field are continuously seeking more sensitive and precise detection techniques, measurement principles, and innovative analytical methodologies to develop modern sensing devices and instruments. , However, the majority of volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors on the market today provide data on total VOCs rather than individual VOC, and no sensor is available to work for biomedical-scale (lower concentrations) to industrial-scale (higher concentrations) applications, while selectivity is another issue that sensor technology faces. , Due to social expectations, critical sensor performance characteristics including sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and utility must be increased. Sensor response, selectivity, resolution, accuracy, and precision limits of sensing devices are constantly being increased. ,, Their use and application potential are also quickly growing at the same time.…”

Interfacial Ammonia Selectivity, Atmospheric Passivation, and Molecular Identification in Graphene-Nanopored Activated Carbon Molecular-Sieve Gas Sensors

“…Furthermore, for commercialized applications, the induced selectivity must be achieved using a scalable and lithographically compatible fabrication process. These requirements make porous activated carbon (a-C) suitable for this application since it is easily generated by chemical/lithographic modification and subsequent pyrolysis of polymeric precursors such as Novolac resin − while possessing good gas molecular sieving properties and ammonia selectivity. − High sensitivity ammonia detection is required for environmental monitoring and noninvasive diagnosis of urea cycle disorder, kidney problems, − or ulcers resulting from Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection in the stomach. , …”

“…16−20 High sensitivity ammonia detection is required for environmental monitoring and noninvasive diagnosis of urea cycle disorder, 21 kidney problems, 22−25 or ulcers resulting from Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection in the stomach. 22,26 Also, the ability to characterize adsorbate molecules on the graphene channel is highly desired and is currently the focus of graphene-based electric nose (e-nose) sensors. 8,27−30 For enose sensing, integrating machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition based on changes in gas-adsorptioninduced electronic responses of a single graphene sensor as recently demonstrated 8 remains the most promising approach due to its ability to characterize a huge variety of gases in principle.…”