Social Vulnerability to Climatic Shocks Is Shaped by Urban Accessibility

Parry, Luke; Davies, Gemma; Almeida, Oriana; Frausin, Gina; Moraes, André de Oliveira; Rivero, Sérgio; Filizola, Naziano; Torres, Pablo

doi:10.1080/24694452.2017.1325726

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Research exists which addresses the intersection of two domains (e.g socio-technical studies [26,27]. Ideally, initial research on a catchment's resilience should be situated at the nexus [7,28,29], to acknowledge the importance of interactions between subsystems. Currently, our research suggests that only approximately 20% of hydrohazards research addresses any type of interaction, despite the wider complexity literature pointing to these as an underlying source of emergence [3].…”

Section: The Catchment As a Complex Natural-social-technical (Nst) Symentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All three frameworks (in isolation or combination) can be matched to different catchment issues. For example, on the one hand, the Netherlands can be perceived to be resilient to flooding because they are highly advanced in their ability to control flooding, leading to less frequent flooding and lower flood damages compared to England [29]. On the other hand, England could be perceived to be more resilient to flooding due to its high capacity to absorb and adapt to flooding, allowing England to perform well in terms of response and recovery [34].…”

Section: Complex Adaptive Systems Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience in Complex Catchment Systems

Beevers

Bedinger

McClymont

et al. 2021

Water

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In this paper, we explore how we can use catchment resilience as a unifying concept to manage and regulate catchments, using structured reviews to support our perspective. Catchments are complex systems with interrelated natural, social, and technical aspects. The exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of these aspects (separately and in combination) are the latent conditions, which, when triggered by a hydrohazard, result in catchment impacts. In complex catchment systems, resilience is the ability to bounce back, the ability to absorb, and the ability to transform. When all three abilities are accounted for, we are forced to consider the interactions of the catchment system. Six main complexity concepts can be used to frame how we approach evaluating catchment resilience. These concepts are: natural-social-technical aspects, interactions, spatial scales, time scales, multiple forms of evidence, and uncertainty. In analysing these complexity concepts, we have found that there are several gaps in current practice. Requirements for future methodological approaches are suggested. Central to any effective approach is the incorporation of a linking systems or interaction analysis, which draws together the natural-social-technical system in a meaningful way. If our approaches do not begin to acknowledge the interdependencies and interactions, we may miss substantial opportunities to enhance catchment resilience.

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Section: The Catchment As a Complex Natural-social-technical (Nst) Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complex Adaptive Systems Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in Complex Catchment Systems

Beevers

Bedinger

McClymont

et al. 2021

Water

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“…Besides the supply-side gap, previous studies in Brazil have also detected demand-side barriers to healthcare, such as low capacity to recognize, both in oneself and in children cared for, diseases, their severity and contagiousness (Passos et al, 2018, Borges et al, 2018, limited capacity to obtain and use health-relevant information, mainly by the low-educated (Apolinario et al, 2013, Almeida et al, 2019, household income incompatible with transport costs required by visiting a health facility, which is more likely for rural residents (Parry et al, 2018), and reliance on self-medication (Arrais et al, 2016). Nevertheless, none of these studies are based on patient surveys uncovering factors enabling and disabling care seeking for respiratory illnesses, which are rare in Brazil, and, as far as it could be assessed, unavailable for the Amazonian region.…”

Section: Background 20 Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of respiratory healthcare demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Morello

Lima

Silva

2021

Preprint

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1.1 BackgroundThe scant knowledge on drivers of demand for respiratory healthcare in Brazilian Amazon, where the gap of human and physical healthcare resources is wide, is expanded with two surveys conducted at the west of the region in Acre state. Potential drivers, informed by a review of twelve recent papers, were classified in seven categories comprising the individual, household, community and macroeconomic dimensions.1.2 MethodsOn-field quantitative structured surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2019 based in coupled conglomerate-quota-randomization sampling, with support of community health agents. Adults responded about their own or their children’s health. Whether physician care was sought to treat the latest episode of respiratory illnesses or of dry cough was analysed statistically with multiple non-linear regressions having as covariates the potential predictors informed by literature.1.3 ResultsThe propensity to seek healthcare and to purchase medication was larger when targeting children rather than adults. Influenza was the most frequent cause of latest episodes of respiratory illnesses and dry cough, what makes the below-40% healthcare seeking rate worrying as it may sustain a considerable local contagion rate. Illnesses’ severity, including the pain experienced, were the main predictors, revealing that subjective perception exerted stronger influence than objective individual’s and households’ characteristics. The insignificance of education indicated that it was not the sole determinant of health literacy, the latter a more important driver, according to literature. Income was insignificant due to respondents relying almost uniquely on free healthcare offered by the Brazilian Health System.1.4 ConclusionsResults suggest that subjective underestimation of respiratory illnesses’ consequences for oneself and for local society could motivate a refusal to seek treatment. This is in line with some previous studies but departs from those overemphasizing the role of objective factors. Social consequences, of, for instance, macroeconomic nature, needs highlighting, based on studies detecting a long-run relationship between healthcare demand, health and economic performance at national level. Microeconomic behavioural policy is needed to change subjective perceptions of symptoms and illnesses with nudges and educational interventions.

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“…Exposure analyses, as explored in the environmental sciences and engineering, commonly rely on physically-based hydrologic and hydraulic modeling to estimate the extent, depth or frequency of flooding for a given storm event, and calculate the assets and population affected [54][55][56]. Both qualitative case studies [57,58] and indicator approaches (e.g., the SoVI or similar indices) [21,22,24,[59][60][61][62] explore the differential impacts of floods on vulnerable people and places.…”

Section: Measuring and Validating Social Vulnerability To Flood Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences may exist among urban areas. For example, rapidly urbanizing areas with less road connectivity were found to be more vulnerable in the Amazon [62] compared to other cities, and social vulnerability hotspots are located both in the urban center and periphery in Shanghai [27].…”

Section: Flood Fatalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Disaster Outcomes to Validate Components of Social Vulnerability to Floods: Flood Deaths and Property Damage across the USA

et al. 2020

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Social vulnerability indicators seek to identify populations susceptible to hazards based on aggregated sociodemographic data. Vulnerability indices are rarely validated with disaster outcome data at broad spatial scales, making it difficult to develop effective national scale strategies to mitigate loss for vulnerable populations. This paper validates social vulnerability indicators using two flood outcomes: death and damage. Regression models identify sociodemographic factors associated with variation in outcomes from 11,629 non-coastal flood events in the USA (2008–2012), controlling for flood intensity using stream gauge data. We compare models with (i) socioeconomic variables, (ii) the composite social vulnerability index (SoVI), and (iii) flood intensity variables only. The SoVI explains a larger portion of the variance in death (AIC = 2829) and damage (R2 = 0.125) than flood intensity alone (death—AIC = 2894; damage—R2 = 0.089), and models with individual sociodemographic factors perform best (death—AIC = 2696; damage—R2 = 0.229). Socioeconomic variables correlated with death (rural counties with a high proportion of elderly and young) differ from those related to property damage (rural counties with high percentage of Black, Hispanic and Native American populations below the poverty line). Results confirm that social vulnerability influences death and damage from floods in the USA. Model results indicate that social vulnerability models related to specific hazards and outcomes perform better than generic social vulnerability indices (e.g., SoVI) in predicting non-coastal flood death and damage. Hazard- and outcome-specific indices could be used to better direct efforts to ameliorate flood death and damage towards the people and places that need it most. Future validation studies should examine other flood outcomes, such as evacuation, migration and health, across scales.

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Social Vulnerability to Climatic Shocks Is Shaped by Urban Accessibility

Cited by 29 publications

References 94 publications

Resilience in Complex Catchment Systems

Resilience in Complex Catchment Systems

Drivers of respiratory healthcare demand in Acre state, Brazilian Amazon: a cross-sectional study

Using Disaster Outcomes to Validate Components of Social Vulnerability to Floods: Flood Deaths and Property Damage across the USA

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