Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans

Seltzer, Leslie J.; Ziegler, Toni E.; Pollak, Seth D.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0567

Cited by 256 publications

(238 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The stimulus that triggers oxytocin release in intergroup contexts, however, remains unknown for either humans or chimpanzees. Affiliative contact has been proposed as an oxytocin trigger (26), but our results concur with other studies, of both humans and chimpanzees, suggesting that physical contact is not necessarily required (20,27) nor sufficient (19) for oxytocin secretion. Here, neither the presence of affiliation during intergroup conflict nor multipartner affiliation without intergroup conflict (Table 2) led to urinary oxytocin levels that differed from nonaffiliative intergroup conflict or control samples, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Oxytocin reactivity during intergroup conflict in wild chimpanzees

Samuni

Preis

Mundry

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

171

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Intergroup conflict is evident throughout the history of our species, ubiquitous across human societies, and considered crucial for the evolution of humans' large-scale cooperative nature. Like humans, chimpanzee societies exhibit intragroup coordination and coalitionary support during violent intergroup conflicts. In both species, cooperation among group members is essential for individuals to gain access to benefits from engaging in intergroup conflict. Studies suggest that a contributive mechanism regulating in-group cooperation during intergroup conflicts in humans involves the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin, known to influence trust, coordination, and social cognition, although evidence from natural settings is lacking. Here, applying a noninvasive method, we investigate oxytocinergic system involvement during natural intergroup conflicts in wild chimpanzees. We found that chimpanzees of both sexes had significantly higher urinary oxytocin levels immediately before and during intergroup conflict compared with controls. Also, elevated hormone levels were linked with greater cohesion during intergroup conflicts, rather than with the level of potential threat posed by rival groups, intragroup affiliative social interactions, or coordinated behavior alone. Thus, the oxytocinergic system, potentially engendering cohesion and cooperation when facing an out-group threat, may not be uniquely human but rather a mechanism with evolutionary roots shared by our last common ancestor with chimpanzees, likely expediting fitness gains during intergroup conflict.Pan troglodytes | cooperation | group cohesion | neuropeptide | parochial altruism R ecent evolutionary models suggest that parochial altruism,

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Oxytocin reactivity during intergroup conflict in wild chimpanzees

Samuni

Preis

Mundry

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

171

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“…It is suboptimal to maintain a state of high social vigilance when the absence of threat has been clearly signaled. In humans, OT is released in response to affiliative signals and positive contact like social touch (41), affiliative vocalizations (42), and eye contact (43). Our findings suggest that positive social interactions can reduce social vigilance via OT release, thereby freeing attentional resources for other social and goal-directed behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Oxytocin blunts social vigilance in the rhesus macaque

Ebitz

Watson

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

124

151

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Exogenous application of the neuromodulatory hormone oxytocin (OT) promotes prosocial behavior and can improve social function. It is unclear, however, whether OT promotes prosocial behavior per se, or whether it facilitates social interaction by reducing a state of vigilance toward potential social threats. To disambiguate these two possibilities, we exogenously delivered OT to male rhesus macaques, which have a characteristic pattern of species-typical social vigilance, and examined their performance in three social attention tasks. We first determined that, in the absence of competing task demands or goals, OT increased attention to faces and eyes, as in humans. By contrast, OT reduced species typical social vigilance for unfamiliar, dominant, and emotional faces in two additional tasks. OT eliminated the emergence of a typical state of vigilance when dominant face images were available during a social image choice task. Moreover, OT improved performance on a reward-guided saccade task, despite salient social distractors: OT reduced the interference of unfamiliar faces, particularly emotional ones, when these faces were task irrelevant. Together, these results demonstrate that OT suppresses vigilance toward potential social threats in the rhesus macaque. We hypothesize that a basic role for OT in regulating social vigilance may have facilitated the evolution of prosocial behaviors in humans.attention | primates | face gaze | neuropeptide

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“…Ainsworth et al 1978), while older children might just as well have a phone call with mother to experience the same sense of support (e.g. Seltzer et al 2010). Instead, when children are insecurely attached, they will respond to distress (S d ) either in a resistant/anxiously or an avoidantly attached way (R).…”

Section: Attachment and Case Conceptualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

Bosmans

2016

Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev

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Meta-analyses consistently demonstrate that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) provides effective evidence-based treatment for children and adolescents with emotional and behaviour problems. Also consistent across meta-analyses is the observation that CBT treatment effects are often medium in size. This observation has instigated a search for factors that could help explain the limited treatment effects and that could be focused upon to enhance CBT treatment outcomes. The current qualitative review focuses on the parent-child attachment relationship as one factor that could be relevant to enhance CBT treatment effects. This review first acknowledges reasons why CBT has historically not been attracted to attachment theory and its postulates. Second, recent evidence is examined to evaluate whether attachment can be approached from a cognitive schema perspective. Subsequently, research is described showing how restoring attachment relationships could result in large treatment effects. Finally, this evidence is integrated in a model of attachment assessment and intervention that might be compatible with CBT. In sum, this review suggests that restoring trust in insecure parent-child attachment relationships can be integrated within CBT and could contribute to its treatment outcomes.Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is one of the most clearly conceptualized and best-studied therapeutic approaches for treating children and adolescents (e.g. Seligman and Ollendick 2011). Years of research confirm the positive effects of CBT and demonstrate significant reductions in a variety of child and adolescent emotional and behavioural problems (Hofmann et al. 2012). Part of the strength of CBT is its dynamic nature and flexibility to addressing these problems. Consequently, during the past decades, CBT with adults has broadened its treatment emphasis from focusing solely on changing behaviour, to focusing on challenging maladaptive cognitions, and, more recently, to accepting existential emotional distress (e.g. De Houwer et al. 2016). CBT for children and adolescents has roughly followed these developments and benefited from them. This is illustrated by the increasing number of meta-analyses that confirm that CBT provides an effective treatment for a plethora of child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems (e.g. Reynolds et al. 2012).However, meta-analyses also suggest that effect sizes often remain small to medium in size (e.g. Cuijpers et al. 2006;Kazdin 1995;Klein et al. 2007;Reynolds et al. 2012;Silverman et al. 2008;Weisz et al. 2006;Weisz et al. 2013) and that relapse rates following treatment are quite high (e.g. 30-50 % for mood disorders, Lewinsohn et al. 1990;Brent et al. 1999). This suggests that CBT for children and adolescents might benefit from a new conceptualization and expansion of treatment goals. The current literature review aims at providing arguments that one such expansion could be restoring attachment relationships. This paper will discuss the main components of tradition...

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Social vocalizations can release oxytocin in humans

Cited by 256 publications

References 43 publications

Oxytocin reactivity during intergroup conflict in wild chimpanzees

Oxytocin reactivity during intergroup conflict in wild chimpanzees

Oxytocin blunts social vigilance in the rhesus macaque

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Children and Adolescents: Can Attachment Theory Contribute to Its Efficacy?

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