Social Risk Factors of Institutionalized Juvenile Offenders: A Systematic Review

Pyle, Nicole; Flower, Andrea; Williams, Jacob; Fall, Anna Mari

doi:10.1007/s40894-019-00120-2

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Finally, juvenile offenders have specific characteristics that can contribute to drug use in a different way from the emotional factors that contribute to drug use in the general population. For example, most juvenile offenders who are sentenced for serious offenses (e.g., homicide, robbery, armed violence, drug trafficking) for the first time lived in communities with high rates of psychosocial stress, including a lack of social assistance, domestic violence, and a history of childhood adversity and emotional abandonment (Pyle, Flower, Williams, and Fall, 2020;Uceda-Maza and Alonso, 2017). Acute stress is known to lead to anxiety, but uncontrollable chronic stress precipitates the onset of depression disorders (Maier and Seligman, 2016;Nestler et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Silva

Cruz

Teixeira

2021

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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Introduction One of the most serious socio-educational measures for children and adolescents in conflict with the law in Brazil is their internment. This measure may represent an additional source of stress to this population and present significant impacts in the mental health context. This study aims to describe anxiety levels, depression, and addictive consumption, as well as to estimate the causalities and interactions of these variables. Methods Herein, we report a study in which 175 male juveniles from youth detention institutions of the Federal District voluntarily completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a short self-rating questionnaire asking whether and how often they had experienced cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard” psychotropic drugs (e.g., crack, cocaine, amphetamine) 1 year prior to institutionalization. Results Of the total participants, 28.00% showed moderate to severe depression scores and 34.28% showed moderate to severe anxiety scores. In addition, the vast majority of participants also reported some antecedent drug abuse, including cannabis, alcohol, and other “hard drugs.” The BDI scores moderately correlated with BAI, but none of these parameters considerably correlated with the antecedent drug abuse. Conclusions The data indicate potentially concerning levels of emotional distress in these institutionalized juveniles which seem to be independent of addictive behaviors. These data deserve attention and further investigation. Thus, a need for preventative mental health for the general population and socio-educational intervention aimed at interned youth which can decrease levels of emotional stress is emphasized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Silva

Cruz

Teixeira

2021

Psicol. Refl. Crít.

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“…The mental health profile of the “group only” offenders echo findings related to the adolescent-onset subtype of CD, conceptualized as behavior within the realms of “normal” adolescent rebelliousness. This behavior may be expounded by risk factors (Moffitt, 2006; Pyle et al , 2020) such as inadequate parental supervision, socioeconomic disadvantage or maternal smoking during pregnancy (Gutman et al , 2019) and an upbringing that rejected traditional social hierarchies (Sadek, 2019). This group is considered to have fewer significant mental health difficulties, with conduct problems normalizing after adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NCGR has identified that a holistic understanding of the threat, risk and vulnerability is crucial in informing how criminal justice systems develop gang intervention strategies. The cause-and-effect relationship between behavioral disorders and gang involvement remains disparate, and the social risk factors for gang involvement are multi-faceted (Frisby-Osman and Wood, 2020; Pyle et al , 2020). This study explores how recognizing patterns of offending might aid in identifying particularly challenging mental health profiles in young people whose offending is not limited to within a group or gang.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offending patterns – alone or in a group – and severe conduct problems: secondary analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire data

Gilbert

Padmore

Norman

2020

JACPR

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Purpose This study aims to builds upon the hypothesis that “gang” offenders have greater mental health vulnerabilities than both the offender and the general population. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference between the mental health difficulties experienced by young people who may be committing offenses or who may be non-offenders while exploring the interplay of conduct disorder (CD). Design/methodology/approach Secondary data analysis was conducted of a cross-sectional survey of 449 young people in two secondary schools and the data was compared to the scores on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). A diagnosis of CD was given to the respondents scoring “abnormal” for conduct on the SDQ and the findings were compared to the total difficulties score of those without a diagnosis of CD. Findings Those committing offenses both alone and within a group setting had significantly higher scores across all domains of the SDQ, indicating the prevalence of inattention and hyperactivity, emotional problems, lower prosocial behaviors and peer problems over other offending groups. The total difficulties scores on the SDQ were significantly higher for the offending groups that had a diagnosis of CD. Originality/value The results suggest that offending patterns are included within the screening for CD subtypes and support the need for further research into tailored interventions that involve multi-agency collaboration. This research offers a new approach to the identification of severe CD with callous and unemotional traits by examining offensive behavior.

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“…That is to say, social relations will affect juvenile delinquency. Hirsch later tried to explain juvenile delinquency in terms of social relations, and believed that an individual’s attachment to his family, school, and other important social institutions can predict whether he will commit a crime or not ( Brown and Jennings, 2014 ; Pyle et al, 2020 ). The later research also judged the development of social relations through the relationship between individuals and their families ( Ohtaka and Karasawa, 2019 ), teachers ( Mainhard et al, 2018 ), and peers ( Amati et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation mechanism and prediction model of juvenile delinquency

Xu¹,

Yu²,

Yu³

2023

Front. Psychol.

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Exploring the formation mechanism of juvenile delinquency is of great significance to prevent juvenile delinquency. The present study examined relations and interactions among juvenile delinquents’ self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world, and legal consciousness, and then developed a predictive model to distinguish between juvenile delinquents and non-delinquents. The results showed that family factors have a significant influence on the formation of juvenile delinquents’ self-consciousness and there are notable differences in family environment and self-consciousness between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Due to the complex interactions among juvenile delinquency’s self-consciousness, family factors, social relationships, belief in a just world and legal consciousness, adolescents’ self- consciousness and social relationships can be utilized to predict and classify the groups of delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents effectively. Therefore, the key to preventing juvenile delinquency is to improve their self-consciousness and develop their prosocial relationships.

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Social Risk Factors of Institutionalized Juvenile Offenders: A Systematic Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 69 publications

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Depression, anxiety, and drug usage history indicators among institutionalized juvenile offenders of Brasilia

Offending patterns – alone or in a group – and severe conduct problems: secondary analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire data

Formation mechanism and prediction model of juvenile delinquency

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