Social risk factors for speech, scholastic and coordination disorders: a nationwide register-based study

Arrhenius, Bianca; Gyllenberg, David; Chudal, Roshan; Lehti, Venla; Sucksdorff, Minna; Sourander, Ona; Virtanen, Juha-Pekka; Torsti, Jutta; Sourander, André

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5650-z

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In our dataset, the gender ratio for all speech and language disorders favors girls, who are less affected, and remained stable across all the years included in the database under study. This is consistent with the literature (McLeod and McKinnon, 2007;Arrhenius et al, 2018). With regard to stuttering, a yet unresolved question is whether the gender imbalance increases over the years, which would be expected because spontaneous recovery is observed more frequently in girls than in boys (Yairi and Ambrose, 2013;Kefalianos et al, 2017); however, this assumption is not universally supported by population-based data (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and Therapy Rates for Stuttering, Cluttering, and Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language: Evaluation of German Health Insurance Data

Sommer

Waltersbacher

Schlotmann

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and treatment patterns of speech and language disorders in Germany.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data collected from 32% of the German population, insured by the statutory German health insurance (AOK, Local Health Care Funds). We used The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, German Modification (ICD-10 GM) codes for stuttering (F98.5), cluttering (F98.6), and developmental disorders of speech and language (F80) to identify prevalent and newly diagnosed cases each year. Prescription and speech therapy reimbursement data were used to evaluate treatment patterns.ResultsIn 2017, 27,977 patients of all ages were diagnosed with stuttering (21,045 males, 75% and 6,932 females, 25%). Stuttering prevalence peaks at age 5 years (boys, 0.89% and girls, 0.40%). Cluttering was diagnosed in 1,800 patients of all ages (1,287 males, 71.5% and 513 females, 28.5%). Developmental disorders of speech and language were identified in 555,774 AOK-insurants (61.2% males and 38.8% females). Treatment data indicate a substantial proportion newly diagnosed stuttering individuals receive treatment (up to 45% of 6-year-old patients), with slightly fewer than 20 sessions per year, on average. We confirmed a previous study showing increased rates of atopic disorders and neurological and psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with stuttering, cluttering, and developmental disorders of speech and language.ConclusionThis is the first nationwide study using health insurance data to analyze the prevalence and newly diagnosed cases of a speech and language disorder. Prevalence and gender ratio data were consistent with the international literature. The crude prevalence of developmental disorders of speech and language increased from 2015 to 2018, whereas the crude prevalence for stuttering remained stable. For cluttering, the numbers were too low to draw reliable conclusions. Proportional treatment allocation for stuttering peaked at 6 years of age, which is the school entrance year, and is later than the prevalence peak of stuttering.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Prevalence and Therapy Rates for Stuttering, Cluttering, and Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language: Evaluation of German Health Insurance Data

Sommer

Waltersbacher

Schlotmann

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…If learning disorders are suspected in schools or primary care, children are typically examined first by the school psychologist and then, if needed, referred to specialized services for diagnosis. The procedure includes standardized psychological tests and has been described previously [30].…”

Section: Information On Cases and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since specific learning disorders are so common, increased prevention would have a significant public health impact. Moreover, it might benefit less advantaged populations in particular, for example, immigrants and the socially disadvantaged, who may be affected by both vitamin D deficiency [28,29] and learning disorders [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

et al. 2021

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Recent evidence has suggested potential harmful effects of vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on offspring brain development, for example, elevated risks for neuropsychiatric disorders. Findings on general cognition and academic achievement are mixed, and no studies have examined the effect of prenatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels on diagnosed specific learning disorders, which was the aim of this study. We examined a nested case–control sample from the source cohort of all singleton-born children in Finland between 1996 and 1997 (n = 115,730). A total of 1607 cases with specific learning disorders (mean age at diagnosis: 9.9 years) and 1607 matched controls were identified from Finnish nationwide registers. Maternal 25(OH)D levels were analyzed from serum samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and stored in a national biobank. Conditional logistic regression was used to test the association between maternal 25(OH)D and offspring specific learning disorders. There were no significant associations between maternal 25(OH)D levels and specific learning disorders when vitamin D was examined as a log-transformed continuous variable (adjusted OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82–1.18, p = 0.84) or as a categorical variable (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L: adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.83–1.28, p = 0.77 compared to levels of >50 nmol/L), nor when it was divided into quintiles (adjusted OR for the lowest quintile 1.00, 95% CI 0.78–1.28, p = 0.99 compared to the highest quintile). This study found no association between low maternal 25(OH)D in early pregnancy and offspring specific learning disorders.

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“…SES adversity is associated with many health outcomes, including neurodevelopmental, and neurobehavioral disorders in children as well as poorer adult health status and shorter life expectancy [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. In the present analysis, summative adversity score and single-mother family were the SES exposures most often associated with placental DNA methylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in placentas from preterm infants: association with maternal socioeconomic status

Santos¹,

Bhattacharya

Martin

et al. 2019

Epigenetics

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This study evaluated the hypothesis that prenatal maternal socioeconomic status (SES) adversity is associated with DNA methylation in the placenta. SES adversity was defined by the presence of, as well as a summative count of, four factors: less than college education, single marital status, food and nutritional service assistance, and public health insurance. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using the Illumina EPIC array in 426 placentas from a sample of infants born < 28 weeks of gestation from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn cohort. Associations between SES adversity and DNA methylation were assessed with robust linear regressions adjusted for covariates and controlled the false discovery rate at < 10%. We also examined whether such associations were sex specific. Indicators of SES adversity were associated with differential methylation at 33 CpG sites. Of the 33 identified CpG sites, 19 (57.6%) displayed increased methylation, and 14 (42.4%) displayed decreased methylation in association with at least one of the SES adversity factors. Sex differences were observed in DNA methylation associated with summative SES score; in which placentas derived from female pregnancies showed more robust differential CpG methylation than placentas from male pregnancies. Maternal SES adversity was associated with differential methylation of genes with key role in gene transcription and placental function, potentially altering immunity and stress response. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the role of epigenetic differences in mediating the association between maternal socioeconomic status during pregnancy and later life health outcomes in children.

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Social risk factors for speech, scholastic and coordination disorders: a nationwide register-based study

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence and Therapy Rates for Stuttering, Cluttering, and Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language: Evaluation of German Health Insurance Data

Prevalence and Therapy Rates for Stuttering, Cluttering, and Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language: Evaluation of German Health Insurance Data

Prenatal Vitamin D Levels in Maternal Sera and Offspring Specific Learning Disorders

Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in placentas from preterm infants: association with maternal socioeconomic status

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