Social rank and disease susceptibility in pigs

Hessing, M.; Scheepens, C.J.M.; Schouten, W.G.P.; Tielen, M.J.M.; Wiepkema, P.R.

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)90158-9

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Likewise, we would expect stress-related mortality to decrease with correlates of high fitness. Such correlates may include social status (Sapolsky & Mott 1987;Hessing et al 1994), as well as more direct evidence such as the frequency of mating for males (Smith et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

et al. 2005

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The reaction of the body to prolonged stress has many harmful effects. Classical theory assumes that stress responses have evolved due to their short-term selective advantages ('flight or fight'), and despite their adverse long-term effects. In contrast, we demonstrate that the adverse effects of stress responses may have a selective advantage. Using an analytical model we show that a gene that causes the early death of a relatively unfit individual can increase in frequency in a structured population even if it has no positive effect on that individual. This result offers a new perspective on the relations between stress factors, stress responses and stress-related diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

et al. 2005

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“…Although we should be careful to determine the social status of a pig based on a single food competition test, Hessing et al (1994b) showed that social status and outcome of a food competition test are well correlated. Thus, the pigs that were defeated in the food competition test were likely to be subordinate to their congener.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 11 wk of age, pigs were subjected to a food competition test with their pen mate, as described by Hessing et al (1994b). The food competition tests were carried out between 10.00 and 13.00 h. Pigs were food deprived for 24 h. After 15 min baseline electrocardiogram recordings, pigs were presented a small amount of food in a small trough in their own pen.…”

Section: Food Competition Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, pigs were confronted with an unacquainted pig in a confrontation test using the resident-intruder paradigm with the experimental pig as the intruder. We determined the relationships between the outcome of the agonistic interactions in the food competition test, which gives an indication of the social status of the pig (Hessing et al 1994b), and the heart rate and heart rate variability responses in the food competition test and the resident-intruder test. Heart rate was measured by radiotelemetry using implantable transmitters, allowing stress free sampling (De Jong et al 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of social stress on heart rate and heart rate variability in growing pigs

Jong¹,

Sgoifo²,

Lambooij³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2000. Effects of social stress on heart rate and heart rate variability in growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 273-280. The effects of social stress on heart rate, heart rate variability and the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias were studied in 12 growing pigs. Social stress was induced during a good competition test with a pen mate, and subsequently during a resident-intruder test with an unacquainted pig in which the experimental pig was the intruder. The outcome of a test was determined using observations of agonistic behaviour. Five pigs won the food competition test. All pigs were defeated in the resident-intruder test with an unacquainted pig. For all pigs, heart rate was significantly higher and thus the R-R interval significantly lower during the food competition test and resident-intruder test than during baseline recordings. However, pigs that were first defeated in the food competition test had a higher heart rate during the first 7 min of the resident-intruder test than winners of the food competition test. Parameters of heart rate variabiality did not significantly change during the food competition test and the resident-intruder test relative to baseline recordings. Thus, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system remained in balance during the social stress situations. This may explain why the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias did not increase during the food competition test and the resident-intruder test relative to baseline. We showed that social status, based on agonistic encounters during the food competition test, may influence the heart rate responses of pigs during the resident-intruder test. When heart rate is used as an index of stress, results indicate that subordinate pigs may experience more stress during an agonistic encounter with an unacquainted pig than dominant pigs.Key words: Behaviour, heart rate, social stress, telemetry, pigs de Jong, I. C., Sgoifo, A., Lambooij, E., Korte, S. M., Blokhuis, H. J. et Koolhaas, J. M. 2000. Effets de stress sociaux sur le rythme cardiaque et sur sa variabilité chez des porcs en croissance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 273-280. Nous avons étudié sur 12 porcs en croissance les effets de stress sociaux sur le rythme cardiaque et sa variabilité ainsi que sur la fréquence des cas d'arythmie cardiaque. Le stress social en question était provoqué durant un test de concurrence pour la nourriture avec un compagnon de case habituel et ensuite durant un test de confrontation entre compagnons de case et un porc étranger, test dans lequel l'animal expérimental était l'intrus. L'issue du test était déterminée d'après observation des comportements agonistes. Cinq porcs emportaient la lutte dans le test de concurrence pour la nourriture et tous les porcs logés en groupe étaient battus dans le test de confrontation avec le porc étranger. Chez tous les porcs, le rythme cardiaque était significativement plus élevé et par conséquent, l'intervalle RR était significativement plus court dans les deux tests de concurrence et de confrontation que durant les enr...

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“…Position of the individual within the social structure of the group can influence physiological and immune responses and disease outcomes (Hessing et al 1994;Tuchscherer et al 1998;von Holst 1998). Social conflict has been used in tests of coping style in farm animals (Koolhaas et al 1999;Lee et al 2014) and in animal models of human resilience (Russo et al 2012;Wu et al 2013).…”

Section: Social Effects On Individual Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

2016

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Abstract.A capacity for the animal to recover quickly from the impact of physical and social stressors and disease challenges is likely to improve evolutionary fitness of wild species and welfare and performance of farm animals. Salience and valence of stimuli sensed through neurosensors, chemosensors and immunosensors are perceived and integrated centrally to generate emotions and engage physiological, behavioural, immune, cognitive and morphological responses that defend against noxious challenges. These responses can be refined through experience to provide anticipatory and learned reactions at lower cost than innate less-specific reactions. Influences of behaviour type, coping style, and affective state and the relationships between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and resilience are reviewed. We define resilience as the capacity of animals to cope with short-term perturbations in their environment and return rapidly to their pre-challenge status. It is manifested in response to episodic, sporadic or situation-specific attributes of the environment and can be optimised via facultative learning by the individual. It is a comparative measure of differences between individuals in the outcomes that follow exposure to potentially adverse situations. In contrast, robustness is the capacity to maintain productivity in a wide range of environments without compromising reproduction, health and wellbeing. Robustness is manifested in response to persistent or cyclical attributes of the environment and is effected via activity of innate regulatory pathways. We suggest that for farm animals, husbandry practices that incorporate physical and social stressors and interactions with humans such as weaning, change of housing, and introduction to the milking parlour can be used to characterise resilience phenotypes. In these settings, resilience is likely to be more readily identified through the rate of return of variables to pre-challenge or normal status rather than through measuring the activity of diverse stress response and adaptation mechanisms. Our strategy for phenotyping resilience of sheep and cattle during weaning is described. Opportunities are examined to increase resilience through genetic selection and through improved management practices that provide emotional and cognitive enrichment and stress inoculation.Additional keywords: affective state, allostasis, animal behaviour, animal temperament, animal welfare, disease resistance, genetic selection, homeostasis, resilience, robustness, stress inoculation.

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Social rank and disease susceptibility in pigs

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

Why is stress so deadly? An evolutionary perspective

Effects of social stress on heart rate and heart rate variability in growing pigs

Resilience in farm animals: biology, management, breeding and implications for animal welfare

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