Social norms and female labor participation in Brazil

Abstract

Over the last half-century, the role of women in society has changed substantially. However, the gender income gap and the difference in labor force participation persist.Other authors introduced the concept of identity from sociology and social psychology at the economic analysis and, based on this, we search less traditional factors for understanding this persistence. Extending analysis of others, we analyze the impact of gender social norms, focusing on the prescription that "a man should earn more than his wife" on social and economic results. Based on the Censuses for 1991, 2000, and 2010 we observed that for only 7 percent of married couples does the wife earn more than her husband. We found evidence that the wives with greater probability of earning more than their husbands are less likely to participate in the labor force. Once she does participate in the labor force, she has a higher probability of earning less than her potential income, working fewer hours, and having an informal job.---

Revisiting gender identity and relative income within households: A cautionary tale on the potential pitfalls of density estimators

“…), Hederos Eriksson and Stenberg (2015), and Zinovyeva and Tverdostup (2018) find that such a discontinuity exists and explore alternative explanations for the observed patterns. Two studies use survey data (Codazzi et al, 2018;Sprengholz et al, 2019), but Murray-Close and Heggeness (2018) and Roth and Slotwinski (2018) provide evidence that couples around this threshold systematically misreport income in surveys; thus, administrative data appears superior to survey data in this context. tionally apply the Cattaneo, Jansson, and Ma (2020, CJM henceforth) estimator to the US data, and we provide first evidence for Germany based on administrative income data using both estimators.…”

Framework model for consumer choices: the interplay of social identity, trends, norms and values

“…The research of Codazzi and colleagues shows the impact of gender social norms, focusing on the prescription that a man should earn more than his wife in real economic results in Brazil. In only 7% of marriages did wives earn more than husbands (Codazzi, Pero & Albuquerque Sant' Anna, 2018). Similarly, affluence (Hurth, 2010) may determine the consumer choices of the rich social class.…”

Ingreso relativo, identidad de género y brecha en el trabajo doméstico no remunerado: Evidencia para Colombia

“…Este trabajo contribuye a esta literatura existente de cuatro maneras diferentes. Primero, documenta una discontinuidad del ingreso relativo de la mujer, robusta a diferentes críticas y por segunda vez, después de Brasil (Codazzi, Pero y Albuquerque Sant'Anna, 2018), en un país de América latina. Segundo, el análisis incorpora un indicador de percepción de roles de género para las parejas en estudio que por primera vez permite evidenciar que el ingreso relativo de la mujer varía con el nivel de tradicionalismo.…”