Social network changes and life events across the life span: A meta-analysis.

Wrzus, Cornelia; Hänel, Martha; Wagner, Jenny; Neyer, Franz J.

doi:10.1037/a0028601

Cited by 1,050 publications

(973 citation statements)

References 322 publications

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“…However, during adolescence, youths experience increased mobility, increased autonomy, and increased involvement in extended social networks that often extend beyond school or home neighborhoods (Browning & Soller, 2014;Wrzus, Hanel, Wagner, & Neyer, 2013). The existing research, then, may not fully account for where a youth spends his/her daily life and the exposures to tobacco outlets found in those areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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Word Count: 2,082 words Key Words: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use ABSTRACTWe explored whether exposure to tobacco outlets in youths' broader activity spaces differs from that obtained using traditional geographic measures of exposure to tobacco outlet within buffers around homes and schools. Youths completed an initial survey, daily textprompted surveys, and carried GPS-enabled phones for one week. GPS locations were geocoded and activity spaces were constructed by joining sequential points. We calculated the number of tobacco outlets around these polylines and around homes and schools. Results suggest that activity spaces provide a more accurate measure of tobacco outlet exposures than traditional measures. Assessing tobacco outlet exposure within activity spaces may yield significant information to advance the field.KEY WORDS: Tobacco outlets; Activity space; Youth tobacco use BACKGROUNDExposure to tobacco outlets may be an important factor in initiation and use of tobacco by adolescents. In particular, such exposure may increase access to tobacco, exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion, and exposure to others who use tobacco. All of these factors are related to youth tobacco use (Botello-Harbaum et al., 2009;Carpenter & Cook, 2008;DiFranza, Savageau, & Fletcher, 2009;Ding, 2003;Henriksen, Feighery, Wang, & Fortmann, 2004;Henriksen, Schleicher, Feighery, & Fortmann, 2010;Lipperman-Kreda, Grube, & Friend, 2012;Wakefield & Chaloupka, 2000). Controls over the number of tobacco outlets and their distance from residential areas or schools are frequently advocated approaches to reduce youth exposure and access to tobacco products and thus their tobacco use.A modest body of cross-sectional research has investigated the association between exposure to tobacco outlets around schools or residential areas and tobacco use among youths (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008;Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; LippermanKreda et al., 2014b; Lovato, Hsu, Sabiston, Hadd, & Nykiforuk, 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Novak, Reardon, Raudenbush, & Buka, 2006;Pokorny, Jason, & Schoeny, 2003;West et al., 2010). Results of these studies are mixed. Some studies have found no or small effects (Leatherdale & Strath, 2007; Lovato et al., 2007;McCarthy et al., 2009;Pokorny et al., 2003) and others have shown stronger associations with youth smoking (Chan & Leatherdale, 2011;Henriksen et al., 2008; Lipperman-Kreda et al., 2014b;Novak et al., 2006;West et al., 2010).The existing research, however, has considered exposure to tobacco outlets based on defined administrative units (e.g., census tract or ZIP code) or buffers (typically 0.5 to 1 mile) surrounding youths' homes or schools. These approaches fail to capture exposure to tobacco outlets in the broader environment where youths spend their time (i.e., activity spaces). For example, outlets that sell tobacco to youths may not be located near schools or homes, but rather located on the travel paths from schools to homes or around other important spaces such as com...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth activity spaces and daily exposure to tobacco outlets

et al. 2015

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“…Content for the intervention group focused on reducing sedentary behavior while the comparison group content focused on reducing social isolation. Social isolation was chosen as the topic for the comparison group because the number and quality of social interactions a person has can have implications for a person's physical and mental health, and social isolation also tends to increase with age, similar to sedentary behavior [16]. Content in both groups involved watching video segments and participating in group discussions.…”

Section: Intervention and Comparison Group Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an intervention to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior

Maher

Sliwinski

Conroy

2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Older adults represent the segment of the population that sits the most. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults that can be disseminated broadly for limited cost and delivered by paraprofessionals with limited training. Senior centers in Central Pennsylvania were randomized to receive one of two healthy aging programs (i.e., intervention or comparison). Participants in both groups attended three 90-min meetings over 2 weeks. Behavior change content was delivered at the second session (i.e., day 7). Forty-two participants (n intervention = 25, n comparison = 17) were recruited from five senior centers. Content for the intervention group focused on reducing SB while comparison group content focused on reducing social isolation. Self-reported SB was assessed on days 7 and 14. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant group × time interaction for total and weekday, but not weekend, SB. In the week following the delivery of group content, participants in the intervention group reported an average decrease in total SB of 837.8 min/week; however, the comparison group reported a nonsignificant average decrease of 263.0 min/week of total SB. Participants in the intervention group also reported an average decrease in weekday SB of 132.6 min/weekday (d = −0.83) in the week following the delivery of group content; however, the comparison group reported a nonsignificant decrease of 24.0 min/weekday (d = −0.16). There were no significant changes in weekend SB in either group in the week following the delivery of group content. Participants' attendance, measurement completion, and program ratings were high. Safety issues were minimal. This intervention was feasible to implement and evaluate, acceptable to older adults, and showed promise for reducing older adults' SB.

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“…[45] stated that the definition of social engagement is close to the definition of social networks defined by [50] as "the set of people with whom an individual is directly involved". They suggest there are four major aspects of social networks particularly relevant for the older population: network structure and interaction, social exchange, social engagement, and subjective network perceptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%