“…Women and politics literature tells us very little about other POS though scholars have shown that authoritarian regimes and international institutions facilitate, respectively, movement emergence when other political channels are blocked (Noonan, 1995;Franceschet, 2004) and pressure for domestic change from above (Pollack & Hafner-Burton, 2000;Joachim, 2003). 4 With the exceptions of Baldez (2002) who shows the impact of electoral realignment on the Chilean women's movement and Jeydel (2000) who looks at women's suffrage in the US, the impact of electoral cleavages on women's actions is unknown. Moreover, exclusive of double militancy (see Franceschet, 2004), the literature does not purport why women's groups make different activity choices, and instead concentrates on how POS impact movement framing and policy success (Chappell, 2002;Mazur, 2002;Franceschet, 2004;McCammon et al, 2007).…”