Social Movements and Ecological Modernization: The Transformation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing

IntroduçãoNo Brasil e no Mundo, é notável a ampliação da produção de conteúdos digitais na forma de objetos de aprendizagem, o surgimento de políticas públicas visando a ampliar essa produção e o aparecimento de repositórios para a distribuição desses conteúdos. Há cerca de quinze anos, com o financiamento público de agências oficiais voltadas ao desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico (CNPq, FINEP e FAPERGS), vimos trabalhando com uma equipe interdisciplinar de diferentes IES, em projetos que visam à produção de conteúdos digitais para aprendizagem de ciências. Esses softwares tem sido produzidos sob perspectivas construtivistas para o ensino e aprendizagem de ciências (Eichler, 1999) ResumoNo Brasil e no Mundo, é notável a ampliação da produção de conteúdos digitais na forma de objetos de aprendizagem, porém ainda são raros os objetos de aprendizagem construídos tirando proveito das características excepcionais dessa mídia. De acordo com nossa experiência no desenvolvimento de conteúdos digitais um dos pontos críticos é a parte tecnológica e de programação. Neste artigo, descrevemos uma ferramenta simples que pode ser utilizada na produção de objetos de aprendizagem de representações contextuais, visando à educação em ciências através de uma abordagem CTS. Utilizamos essa ferramenta para elaborar um objeto de aprendizagem sobre o tema florestamento de eucaliptos, que é apresentado neste artigo.Palavras-chave: objetos de aprendizagem, educação científica, florestamento. Abstract Ĵigo: a generative learning objects (GLO) for Science, Technology and Society (STS) studiesIn worldwide, it's remarkable the large production of digital content like learning objects, but is still rare the learning objects design taking advantages of exceptional characteristics of this media. In accordance with our experience in the development of digital content, a critical point is the technology and programming. In this article, we present a simple tool that can be used in the production of contextual representation's learning objects for science education in a STS approach. An example of learning object about afforestation is presented.

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“…al., 1999 Jobbágy e Jackson, 2003e 2004. (Fig, 2007;Hilgemberg e Bacha, 2003;Sonnenfeld, 2002 (Boyle, 1999;Turnbull, 1999 (Kiehl, 1979).…”

Section: Na Indústria Papeleira a Polpação Da Madeira E A Produção Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ĵigo: um editor de objetos de aprendizagem de temas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS)

Eichler

Pino

2014

RBECT

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“…These include dirty industries such as petro-chemicals, and paper and pulp processing (Bond 2002). The history of urban and industrial development, in which non-white communities were often forcibly relocated to locations in close proximity to heavily polluting industries (Scott 2003), means that the burden of environmental risks from continued industrial development in this dependent ecological modernization paradigm (Sonnenfeld 2002) fall disproportionately on historically disadvantaged black communities.…”

Section: ) Decoupling Rights and Obligationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reach of Citizenship

Barnett

Scott

2007

Urban Forum

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This paper develops a relational understanding of the geographies of citizenship action, using the example of environmental activism in Durban as an empirical reference point. We argue that citizenship involves an interactive dynamic shaped by different actors' capacities to project authority and influence over distance by enacting different modalities of spatial reach. Post-apartheid environmental politics illustrates the processes through which relationships between the subjects of environmental rights and agents of obligations is both de-territorialized and re-territorialized by the activities of environmental activists. We examine the politics of attributing responsibility for urban industrial pollution in Durban, and identify two modalities of spatial reach through which environmental rights have been given weight. We conclude by emphasising that forms of transnational activism, while indicative in some respects of emergent styles of cosmopolitan citizenship, remain oriented by the goals of realizing national citizenship rights.Keywords: Citizenship, Environmental Activism, Pollution, Political Responsibility, Rights, Spatial Reach 3 THE REACH OF CITIZENSHIP Locating the Politics of Industrial Air Pollution in Durban and Beyond 1). Thinking Relationally about CitizenshipWe want to explore the geographies of citizenship practice in South Africa since 1994. In doing so, we take as our starting point an example of the contested urban politics of air pollution in south Durban, South Africa. While highly localised in certain respects, this example illustrates well Cox's (1998) argument that the location of local politics cannot be taken for granted. This is the case of the emergence of a contentious politics of environmental justice in the Southern Industrial Basin (SIB) in Durban over the last decade and a half. The politicization of pollution in south Durban involves the spatial conjuncture of a scalar politics of accumulation and social reproduction, a place-based history of activism, and the emergence of national and transnational networks of advocacy focused on issues of industrial pollution, waste, and public health. We want in particular to explore the implications of this complex spatiality for understandings of citizenship (cf. Staeheli 1999).We argue that this is a politics played out in the register of responsibility (cf. Young 2004). It involves contested attributions of responsibility that seeks to define different actors as the causes of pollution; as bearing responsibility for enforcing environmental regulations and rights; and as beneficiaries of past injustices who should thereby take responsibility for improving ordinary citizens living conditions. Focussing on the intersection of discourses of responsibility and practices of spatial reach opens up an alternative view of the possibilities of cosmopolitan citizenship in a globalized world. It is often argued that neoliberal globalization has reduced states ability to manage the national economy in the interests of growth, efficiency, and...

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“…Sonnenfeld 2002;Gritten 2009), for example, Asia Pulp and Paper (APP) in Indonesia (accusations of illegal logging) and Metsä Botnia in Uruguay (fears regarding pollution caused by its pulp mill). The scrutiny is reflected in campaigns by environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs), such as Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), who are campaigning to get the industry to operate in a more sustainable manner (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scrutiny is reflected in campaigns by environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs), such as Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), who are campaigning to get the industry to operate in a more sustainable manner (e.g. Sonnenfeld 2002;Gritten and Kant 2007). The ENGOs' campaigns can have a significant impact on the operations of corporations, as well as governments (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blanket strategy: A response of environmental groups to the globalising forest industry

Gritten¹,

Mola‐Yudego

2010

Int J Commons

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Globally, in recent decades, forest industry has come under increased scrutiny, often led by environmental non-government organisations (ENGOs). The present paper analyses the strategies used by the ENGOs in different forest conflicts involving forest industry. The main aim is to determine if there is a relationship between forest industries' partners (shareholders, financiers and customers) and the location of the ENGOs campaigning against them. Fourteen forest conflicts are used as case studies, representing different geographical regions. A detailed screening of the different actors and relations was performed for each case study based on existing academic literature, publications from relevant ENGOs and companies. The results reveal a strong correlation between the location of the ENGOs involved and the companies' financial and economic partners. We put forward, and test, a theoretical framework to explain the mechanisms used by the ENGOs to apply pressure on the companies involved in conflicts. The blanket nature of the campaigns by ENGOs illustrates that the movement has globalised in response to the global nature of the industry. The present research contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between forest industry and ENGOs, including the strategies employed by the ENGOs, and in assisting forest industry in its interactions with stakeholders, including ENGOs. Keywords: Blanket campaigns, environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs), forest conflicts, globalisation of forest industry and ENGOs David Gritten and Blas Mola-YudegoAcknowledgements: The authors would like to express their thanks to the various academics, ENGOs and forest companies that helped providing some of the information for the conflicts. Our gratitude also goes to the School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Cultural Foundation for the financial support provided. Additionally, the authors would like to thank Prof. Paavo Pelkonen and Ms. Mari Selkimäki and Mireia Vilaplana Rojas for their invaluable input to earlier versions of this paper. We would also like to thank the three reviewers for their invaluable suggestions on an earlier version of this paper.

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Social Movements and Ecological Modernization: The Transformation of Pulp and Paper Manufacturing

Cited by 55 publications

References 28 publications

Ĵigo: um editor de objetos de aprendizagem de temas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS)

Ĵigo: um editor de objetos de aprendizagem de temas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS)

The Reach of Citizenship

Blanket strategy: A response of environmental groups to the globalising forest industry

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