Social isolation does not alter brain regional benzodiazepine binding site numbers, affinity and coupling in the rat

Morinan, Alun; Parker, Vivienne; Rich, Delyth A.; Cariuk, Peter; Horton, Roger W.

doi:10.1007/bf02244831

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Ahmed et al, 1995;Morinan et al, 1992;Vasar et al, 1993). Isolation also influences only initial activity during tests in a novel environment (Gentsch et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

“…The number of crossings in the peripheral area can measure general activity of rats, and exploration (approaching response to a novel place) can be measured by the number of entries into the center area (Einon & Morgan, 1976;Hall et al, 1997b). Additionally, anxiety, which causes a decrease in exploration especially in phobic places, can be measured by the time of stay in the center area (Morinan, Parker, Rich, Cariuk, & Horton, 1992;.…”

supporting

confidence: 47%

“…In fact, most studies in which rats were isolated only during the juvenile stage (from about 20-45 days of age) have consistently found decreased locomotor activity in a novel environment (File, 1978; or reduced duration of stay in a phobic place (Morinan et al, 1992;Vasar et al, 1993;Wright, Upton, & Marsden, 1991). On the other hand, studies in which rats were isolated only in the postmaturity stage (after 60 days of age) have reported increased activity in a novel place (Ahmed et al, 1995;Palanza, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Arakawa

2003

Developmental Psychobiology

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The effects of the duration of isolation and age during isolation on open-field behavior in rats were examined. An inner wall divided the floor of the field into two areas, a peripheral alley and the center square, and the subjects' behavior in each area was measured. An increase in the tendency to avoid the center square was found in rats isolated during their juvenile stage, which disappeared if they were reared in pairs for a long period after isolation. On the other hand, subjects isolated during their postmaturity stage displayed an increased tendency to approach the center square whereas isolation during sexual maturity had no effect. The duration of isolation showed no consistent effect; rather, the effect depended on the age of the subjects during isolation. These findings suggest that isolation affects the open-field behavior of rats in various ways, depending on their age during isolation.

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“…Ahmed et al, 1995;Morinan et al, 1992;Vasar et al, 1993). Isolation also influences only initial activity during tests in a novel environment (Gentsch et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

supporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Arakawa

2003

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…percentage open time, [15], [16]) but not others (i.e. those activity-related [12], [13]). In contrast to our findings, it has been reported that individual-housing decreases latency to enter an open arm of the plus-maze [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Effects of an Early Handling-Like Procedure and Individual Housing on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice

Flanigan

Cook

2011

PLoS ONE

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Manipulations of rearing conditions have been used to examine the effects of early experience on adult behavior with varying results. Evidence suggests that postnatal days (PND) 15–21 are a time of particular susceptibility to environmental influences on anxiety-like behavior in mice. To examine this, we subjected C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice to an early handling-like procedure. Pups were separated from dams from PND 12–20 for 30 minutes daily or received standard care. On PND 21, pups were weaned and either individually- or group- housed. On PND 60, anxiety-like behavior was examined on the elevated zero-maze. Although individually- housed animals took longer to enter an open quadrant of the maze, they spent more time in the open than group-housed animals. Additionally, we observed a trend of reduced anxiety-like behavior in C57BL/6J, but not DBA/2J mice that underwent the handling-like procedure.

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“…Some reports show that social isolation causes anxiety in rats (Jankowska et al, 1991; Maisonnette et al, 1993; Morinan et al, 1992) while other studies showed no significant effect (Lapiz et al, 2001). In the present study, isolated mice, in both the groups, spent shorter duration in the open arms (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Socially isolated mice exhibit a blunted homeostatic sleep response to acute sleep deprivation compared to socially paired mice

et al. 2012

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Sleep is an important physiological process underlying maintenance of physical, mental and emotional health. Consequently, sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with adverse consequences and increases the risk for anxiety, immune, and cognitive disorders. SD is characterized by increased energy expenditure responses and sleep rebound upon recovery that are regulated by homeostatic processes, which in turn are influenced by stress. Since all previous studies on SD were conducted in a setting of social isolation, the impact of the social contextual setting is unknown. Therefore, we used a relatively stress-free SD paradigm in mice to assess the impact of social isolation on sleep, wakefulness and delta electroencephalogram (EEG) power during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Paired or isolated C57BL/6J adult chronically-implanted male mice were exposed to SD for 6 hours and telemetric polygraphic recordings were conducted, including 18 hours recovery. Recovery from SD in the paired group showed a significant decrease in wake and significant increase in NREM sleep and rapid eye movement (REM), and a similar, albeit less robust response occurred in the isolated mice. Delta power during NREM sleep was increased in both groups immediately following SD, but paired mice exhibited significantly higher delta power throughout the dark period. The increase in body temperature and gross motor activity observed during the SD procedure was decreased during the dark period. In both open field and elevated plus maze tests, socially isolated mice showed significantly higher anxiety than paired mice. The homeostatic processes altered by SD are differentially affected in paired and isolated mice, suggesting that the social context of isolation stress may adversely affect the quantity and quality of sleep in mice.

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Social isolation does not alter brain regional benzodiazepine binding site numbers, affinity and coupling in the rat

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Effects of an Early Handling-Like Procedure and Individual Housing on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice

Socially isolated mice exhibit a blunted homeostatic sleep response to acute sleep deprivation compared to socially paired mice

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