The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Arakawa, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/dev.10120

Cited by 74 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…66 However, there are also data that have indicated that individual housing per se did not increase the anxiety-like behaviour. 67 Thus, simply, individual housing per se of laboratory rat may not be stressful 68,69 but housing them in standard laboratory cages for long term may be stressful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of enriching laboratory cages using various physical structures on multiple measures of welfare in singly-housed rats

Abou-Ismail

Mahboub

2011

Lab Anim

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The single housing of laboratory rats may be recommended in some situations such as hypothesis-driven or test-specific studies, during electroencephalogram recording of phases of sleep and after surgical procedures. However, as single housing of laboratory rats has been shown to be stressful, modification of the housing environment is needed to improve the welfare of these animals. This experiment was carried out to investigate the long-term effects of environmental enrichment on some behavioural, physiological, pathological and psychological measures of welfare. With two batches of animals, 24 rats were housed singly in either enriched cages (EC) (n ¼ 12 cages) or unenriched cages (UC) (n ¼ 12 cages). Behaviour was sampled every week and so was body weight and weight gain over a six-week observation period. Behaviours of the rats in the elevated plus-maze were recorded on the seventh week, whereas organ weights were recorded postmortem. The results revealed that long-term single housing of rats in super-enriched cages increased levels of indicators of good welfare including sleep, exploration, movement and feeding behaviour, body weights, weight gains and the relative weights of the thymus gland and spleen, and decreased levels of indicators of poor welfare such as stationary behaviour and the relative weight of adrenal glands. Thus, enrichment of conventional cages of newly weaned singly-housed laboratory rats with multiple physical structures appeared to improve their ability to control the environment and to promote their species-specific behaviour; changes that can ultimately result in good welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of enriching laboratory cages using various physical structures on multiple measures of welfare in singly-housed rats

Abou-Ismail

Mahboub

2011

Lab Anim

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“…The underlying mechanism of these typical ontogenetic propensities may be associated with the activation of proactive defensive styles including defensive burying, because the proactive defensive style is characterized by an approach and controlling tendency to a potential threat [Blanchard et al, 1988;Koolhaas et al, 1999]. Indeed, male adult rats isolated during the juvenile stage maintained a lower propensity for exploration in an open field [Arakawa, 2003[Arakawa, , 2006, regardless of whether they were housed in isolation or pairs in adulthood [Arakawa, 2005b].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of sex differences in defensive burying behavior in rats: effect of social isolation

Arakawa

2006

Aggressive Behavior

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The aim of the present experiments was to clarify sex differences in socio-developmental factors that affected defense behavior in rats. Sex differences in the defensive burying behavior of rats, and related social factors, were explored in three developmental stages: juvenile, puberty, and adult; 30, 50, and 80 days of age, respectively. The duration of burying, digging into bedding material, stretch-attend postures, and crouch/freezing were measured in a shock-prod test. For males, the duration of burying was longer in the juvenile and pubertal stages than in adulthood. For females, no age differences in the duration of burying were found. Males showed longer burying durations than females in both the juvenile and pubertal stages. For both sexes, the highest duration of digging was found in the juvenile stage, and females showed longer durations of digging than males. Both male and female rats isolated during the juvenile stage, from 26 to 40 days of age, showed smaller durations of burying behavior compared to pair-reared rats. This effect of juvenile isolation was maintained among both adult males and females even when they were returned to pair rearing after isolation. Isolation during adulthood, from 66 to 80 days of age, increased burying behavior in males, but decreased it in females. The durations of digging, stretch-attend postures, and crouch/freezing were not affected by isolation. The decrease in defensive burying and its increase resulting from isolation in adult male rats, suggest that the emergence of adult-like social relationships in males suppressed the duration of burying. Male and female rats isolated during the juvenile stage maintained lower levels of burying, suggesting that social experience as juveniles is important for the emergence of defensive burying behavior.

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“…However, the observed fear-like behavior was transient since, at P82 (30 days after re-socialization) both saline-and DEP-treated rats showed a sustained hyperlocomotion in the open-field arena. This 'bimodal' locomotor response (decreased at P52 and increased at P82) may be influenced by the age and the previous rearing condition at the moment of the evaluation [36] . On the other side, hyperlocomotion in response to a novel environment is the most consistent disorder induced by social isolation and is typically observed in animals with prefrontal and/or DAergic mesoprefrontal dysfunction [13,18] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavioral alteration may be due to an increase in the fear-like behavior generated by the early postweaning isolation period. It is important to emphasize that postweaning social interactions during the postweaning period are critical for an adequate establishment of future adaptive socioemotional behaviors [35,36] . However, the observed fear-like behavior was transient since, at P82 (30 days after re-socialization) both saline-and DEP-treated rats showed a sustained hyperlocomotion in the open-field arena.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic (–)-Deprenyl Administration Attenuates Dendritic Developmental Impairment Induced by Early Social Isolation in the Rat

Pascual

Zamora-León²

2006

Dev Neurosci

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It has been demonstrated that postweaning social isolation alters dendritic development in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the rat. In addition, (–)-deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor, promotes dendritic growth in prefrontocortical pyramidal cells. This study examined whether prefrontocortical dendritic developmental impairment induced by postweaning social isolation is attenuated by chronic (–)-deprenyl administration. Weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly reared in social and isolated environments between postnatal days 21 and 51 (P21–P51). At P52, half of the animals were behaviorally evaluated in the open-field test and sacrificed for histological analysis. The remaining isolated rats were subdivided into saline- and daily (–)-deprenyl-treated animals for 30 additional days (P52–P82). Socially-reared rats remained undisturbed except for daily saline administration. At P82, all animals were behaviorally evaluated and sacrificed for histological analysis. Dendritic quantification of the Golgi-Cox-Sholl-stained neurons indicated that chronic (–)-deprenyl administration partially compensated the dendritic growth impairment induced by social isolation. In addition, both isolated-saline- and (–)-deprenyl-treated rats showed a sustained locomotor hyperactivity in the open-field test.

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The effects of isolation rearing on open‐field behavior in male rats depends on developmental stages

Cited by 74 publications

References 51 publications

The effects of enriching laboratory cages using various physical structures on multiple measures of welfare in singly-housed rats

The effects of enriching laboratory cages using various physical structures on multiple measures of welfare in singly-housed rats

Ontogeny of sex differences in defensive burying behavior in rats: effect of social isolation

Chronic (–)-Deprenyl Administration Attenuates Dendritic Developmental Impairment Induced by Early Social Isolation in the Rat

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