Social isolation at weaning: Some effects on two measures of activity

Syme, Lesley A.

doi:10.3758/bf03199065

Cited by 67 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Since there have been reports (Syme, 1973) that different activity measures may not be comparable, two further measures were examined. Nonspecific activity in a novel cage over a 24-h period was measured, allowing the examination of circadian activity patterns of group-housed and isolated rats; the second measure was rearing (standing up) behavior, which has been proposed as an exploratory measure (Berlyne, 1960) that reflects the level of eNS excitability (Lat, 1965).…”

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confidence: 99%

Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

Dalrymple‐Alford

Benton

1981

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Previous comparisons of the activity differences of individually and group-housed rats have produced inconsistent findings; therefore, we examined activity using three measures: openfield ambulation, nonspecific circadian activity, and rearing behavior. Open-field ambulation in two 5·day tests confirmed our prediction that isolates would be initially less active but later more active than group·housed rats. Isolates habituated more slowly to the activity monitor and tended to be more active during the light half of the 24·h cycle. In the rearing test, isolates showed elevated and more persistent activity than group-housed rats. All these activity differences were prevalent in both male and female rats. The results are interpreted in terms of the influence of differential housing on "fear responses," exploration of a novel environment, and differences in habituation/adaptation processes.

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Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

Dalrymple‐Alford

Benton

1981

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…Rats reared in isolation from weaning show several behavioral abnormalities. For example, they are more aetive in the open field (Einon, Morgan, & Sahakian, 1976;Mandell, Segal, Kuezenski, & Knapp, 1973;Morgan, 1973;Syme, 1973) and in photoeell activity eages (Sahakian, Robbins, Morgan, & Iversen, 1975). Isolates also show evidenee of retarded habituation, eompared with group-reared animals Sahakian et al, 1975).…”

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The effects of isolation rearing on exploration in the rat

Sahakian

Robbins

Iversen

1977

Animal Learning & Behavior

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The hypothesis that isolation rearing enhances exploration was tested in two settings which varied the extent to which exploratory behavior would be affected by competing hyperactivity. Experiment 1 measured exploration as contact of a discrete novel stimulus, in terms of bout frequency and duration. Locomotor activity was measured by photocell beam interruption. Isolation-reared rats were hyperactive, showed an increased incidence of exploratory bouts but no differences in duration of exploratory behavior, compared with group-reared controls. Experiment 2 measured, independently, locomotor activity and the preference for a novel environment over a familiar one. Isolation-reared rats, whether male or female, showed enhanced novelty preference compared with controls. No significant differences were found in locomotor activity. The results are discussed in terms of the hyperactivity of isolates interfering with investigative behavior by response incompatibility.

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“…Behavioral changes induced by rearing in isolation vary according to species (Weiss, Di Iorio, Feldon, & Domeney, 2000); for example, isolation induces more major changes in mice than in rats (Einon, Humphreys, Chivers, Field, & Naylor, 1981;Syme, 1973). The effects of social deprivation are influenced by the species' social structure.…”

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Fecal Concentrations of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Progesterone in Cotton-Top Tamarins Housed in Different Zoological Parks: Relationships Among Physiological Data, Environmental Conditions, and Behavioral Patterns

Fontani

Vaglio

Beghelli

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. The aim of this investigation was to study the welfare of three captive groups of cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks. Ethological observations were conducted over one year. In addition, fecal samples were collected and the concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, and progestagens were measured. Within each group, no significant differences in fecal cortisol concentrations were found between subjects. The fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone significantly differed depending on the sexes and ages of the tamarins. A significant association was found among hormone concentrations, exhibit dimensions, and group composition. A highly significant correlation was found between all hormones considered and the space available for each subject. Significant differences in behavioral patterns were observed among groups, including social-individual, affiliativeaggressive, and anogenital-suprapubic scent marking. Correlations between hormone measurements and behaviors were detected. In conclusion, this study confirmed the associations between some behaviors exhibited by these nonhuman primates and both cortisol and testosterone; these data also highlight the role played by progesterone in these behaviors. Keywords: captive management, hormones, stress, Saguinus oedipusAs the issue of nonhuman animal welfare has become increasingly important, many studies have assessed animal well-being in captivity (Candland & Bush, 1995;Kleiman, Allen, Thompson, & Lumpkin, 1992;Maple & Perkins, 1996;Moran & Sorensen, 1984), and zoological facilities now pay close attention to providing species with appropriate environments. Each species has different needs, so it is important to assess the best parameters for managing a given species in captivity to maintain animal health. This topic becomes even more essential when working with species at high risk of extinction and captive individuals who can be reintegrated into the wild. Hershkowitz, 1977), and average size (Ferrari & Ferrari, 1989;Tardif, Richter, & Carson, 1984). However, most of these studies have examined behavioral aspects only and neglected the endocrine component, which is known to be of great importance in maintaining organisms' homeostasis and therefore adaptation to their environments and well-being.Consequently, it is very important to analyze hormone levels, even if their fluctuations are not always easy to understand. The ability to collect physiological and behavioral data ...

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Social isolation at weaning: Some effects on two measures of activity

Abstract: Both the age at which housing conditions are imposed and the type of activity measured are shown to affect the results obtained in studies concerned with the effects of social density on the behavior of laboratory rats.

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

The effects of isolation rearing on exploration in the rat

Fecal Concentrations of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Progesterone in Cotton-Top Tamarins Housed in Different Zoological Parks: Relationships Among Physiological Data, Environmental Conditions, and Behavioral Patterns

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