Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

Dalrymple‐Alford, John C.; Benton, David

doi:10.3758/bf03212025

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The behavioural assessments in this study, necessarily performed at 14 days of treatment since single-housing could alter responses (Einon et al, 1975;Dalrymple-Alford & Benton, 1981;Gentsch et al, 1982), provided independent confirmation of the efficacy of drug treatments. Sedative and anti-anxiety effects are commonly associated with the administration of tricyclics to patients or animals; such actions need not correlate with antidepressant activity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Neuroendocrine response to clonidine and 8‐OH‐DPAT in rats following chronic administration of desipramine or sertraline

O’Donnell

Grealy

1992

British J Pharmacology

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1 Rats were administered either desipramine (DMI) or sertraline daily at doses 7.5 mg kg-' or 10mg kg-', i.p., respectively and the effects on the functional state of hypothalamic neuroendocrine control mechanisms assessed by measurements of plasma hormones following acute drug challenge. The effects of treatment on gross behaviour and brain adrenoceptor density were also determined. 2 Both DMI and sertraline caused significant reduction in activity measured as ambulation and rearing at 14 days of treatment. 3 All animals were chronically cannulated after 14 days of treatment and tested for neuroendocrine response to acute i.v. clonidine (50 lgkg-') or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 250 gkg-') after 21 or more days of treatment. 4 Rats treated with DMI but not sertraline showed a virtually complete suppression of the growth hormone (GH) secretion elicited by clonidine in controls, while the secretion of corticosterone was augmented. 5 Treatment with DMI but not sertraline led to a significantly greater 8-OH-DPAT-induced secretion of prolactin than in the control rats, while the plasma concentrations of corticosterone following 8-OH-DPAT were not influenced by either DMI or sertraline treatment. 6 The density (but not the affinity) of cerebral cortical binding of [3H]-dihydroalprenolol was significantly reduced by DMI treatment. 7 These results show that DMI treatment blunted the sensitivity of post-synaptic a2-adrenoceptors, accompanied by complex interactions manifested as increased responsiveness of a,-adrenoceptors and 5-HTA receptors. Sertraline had no significant neurendocrine effects at a dose which significantly reduced gross activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Neuroendocrine response to clonidine and 8‐OH‐DPAT in rats following chronic administration of desipramine or sertraline

O’Donnell

Grealy

1992

British J Pharmacology

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“…Although an increase in ambulation during the social interaction test was observed between isolated and group-housed rats, when they were tested with a conspecific of a similar housing background, no difference in ambulation was present when an isolated rat was tested with a group-housed partner. Thus the increase in social activity is a specific increase in gregariousness and not due to a general hyperactivity of the isolated animals, as is reported to occur after prolonged isolation although this response has been questioned [5,6,13,14,30]. The duration of the isolation period therefore may be important for changes in locomotor activities (see also [28]).…”

Section: Fig 3 Correlation Diagram Comparing Frequency and Durationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, the direction and significance of some of these behavioral and physiological parameters have been a matter of debate. Thus, DalrympleAlford and Benton [5,6] showed an initial reduced locomotor activity of isolated rats, while other investigators reported an increased activity only [14]. In most of these studies long-term individually housed animals were used and the differences with group-housed animals were apparent only after weeks or sometimes even months of individual housing.…”

Section: Social Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term isolation increases social interactions of male rats: A parametric analysis

Niesink

Ree

1982

Physiology & Behavior

162

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NIESINK, R. J. M. AND J. M. VAN REE. Short-term isolation increases social interactions of male rats: A parametricanalysis. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 29(5) [819][820][821][822][823][824][825] 1982.--Frequencies of social interactions were higher in pairs of short-term individually housed male Wistar rats as compared to group-housed animals. This was most pronounced when an individually housed rat and a group-housed conspecitic were tested together in the morning under red light conditions. Then, in particular the behavioral elements exploration partner, anogenital investigation, crawl over/mount and social grooming were enhanced. The increases in social interactions was dependent on the duration of the period of individual housing and appeared to be maximal after 4 to 7 days of individual housing. The effect extinguished after repeated testing. The observed behavioral changes were hardly affected by habituation to the test cage and were also present in young animals. The increase in social interactions is apparently not due to a general increase in locomotor or exploratory behavior, since no differences in ambulation between individually-and group-housed animals were observed when they were tested together in the social interaction test, and locomotor activities hardly differed in an open field test procedure. Social interactionHousing In most of these studies long-term individually housed animals were used and the differences with group-housed animals were apparent only after weeks or sometimes even months of individual housing. However, other studies showed that also short-term social deprivation induces disturbances, for instance, a delayed adaptation to painful stimuli when rats were repeatedly tested on a hotplate (Van Ree, unpublished observations), an increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate [12] and increased social activity when the rats were put back in a social situation [11, 20, 28].In the present study we have studied in detail the increas~Requests for reprints should be sent to Dr. J. M. van Ree at the ing effect of short-term isolation on social interactions of pairs of rats. Additional experiments showed that this effect is specific for social interactions and is not due to a more general change in locomotion or exploratory behavior of isolated rats. METHOD AnimalsMale rats of a Wistar strain, weighing between 180 and 220 grams were used, unless otherwise indicated (see experiment d below). The rats were obtained from TNO-Zeist, The Netherlands and housed in wire cages in groups of approximately 20 animals. Prior to experimentation the rats were either individually housed (isolated, I) or in groups of 5 animals per cage (non-isolated, S) for 7 days, except as otherwise indicated. Home cages were of plastic, 22 x 13 cm and 26x40 cm, respectively. During the isolation period the cages of isolated and non-isolated rats were in the same room, so the isolated animals could hear and probably smell other rats, but did not have physical contact with them. During this period the animals were kept in...

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“…Since then, it has been shown to affect a wide range of physiological variables such as blood pressure and heart rate (Woodworth and Johnson, 1988), circadian rhythms (Greco et al, 1989), sexual maturation (Swanson and van de Poll, 1983), body weight and life span (Menich and Baron, 1984;Moon et al, 2006), drug responsiveness (Juraska et al, 1983), and immune system activity (Jessop and Bayer, 1989). It also affects behavioral measures such as spontaneous pup retrieval (Herrenkohl and Lisk, 1973), sexual activity (Spevak et al, 1973;Swanson and van de Poll, 1983), morphine self-administration (Alexander et al, 1978), and open-field activity (Dalrymple-Alford and Benton, 1981;Menich and Baron, 1984;Thorsell et al, 2006). Social isolation has consequences for the brain as well, including decreased expression of neuropeptide Y (Thorsell et al, 2006) and neuroactive steroids (Serra et al, 2007), and decreased spine density in cortical pyramidal neurons (Silva-Gomez et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social isolation prevents exercise‐induced proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells in female rats

2009

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Social isolation negatively affects the behavior and health of laboratory rats. Recently, it has been found that social isolation retards exercise-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of male rats (Stranahan et al. (2006) Nat Neurosci 9:526-533). Since male and female rats react differently to housing changes and exercise opportunities, we investigated whether social isolation would also suppress the exercise-dependent increase in proliferation of dentate gyrus progenitor cells in females. Accordingly, female rats were housed either alone (isolated) or in groups (social) with (exercise) or without (sedentary) the opportunity to run in an exercise wheel. Proliferating progenitor cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). As expected, exercise increased the number of BrdU+ cells in socially housed animals. However, isolation prevented this running-induced increase. Our results expand upon previous findings by showing that the female brain is also susceptible to the suppressive effect of social isolation on exercise-induced neurogenesis.

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Activity differences of individually and group-housed male and female rats

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Neuroendocrine response to clonidine and 8‐OH‐DPAT in rats following chronic administration of desipramine or sertraline

Neuroendocrine response to clonidine and 8‐OH‐DPAT in rats following chronic administration of desipramine or sertraline

Short-term isolation increases social interactions of male rats: A parametric analysis

Social isolation prevents exercise‐induced proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells in female rats

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