Social Isolation and Population Density: Impact of Race/Ethnicity

Jacobson, S.; Nicholson, Nicholas R.; Feinn, Richard

doi:10.1093/geroni/igy023.070

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This may be especially important for Hispanic populations due to migration patterns. Population density is negatively associated with social integration for White and Hispanic populations, but not the Black population ( Jacobson et al, 2018 ), and the White population is disproportionately concentrated in low density areas perhaps explaining differences in social integration across groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms

Chapman

Santos-Lozada

2020

SSM - Population Health

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This study evaluates whether the associations between social integration, inflammation, and depressive symptoms vary by race/ethnicity in the United States. Our study includes 5,634 respondents age 40 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2005-2008. We fit multivariate logistic regression models with interactions between C-reactive protein (CRP) and race/ethnicity as well as social integration and race/ethnicity to test our hypotheses. We find that social integration and CRP operate independently in their associations with depressive symptoms by race/ethnicity. Higher levels of social integration are associated with lower predicted probability of depressive symptoms for White and Black populations. This association is not statistically significant for the Hispanic population. CRP is associated with depressive symptoms for the White population, but not the Black or Hispanic populations. Our results suggest that studying depressive symptoms, and other mental health outcomes, among the US population without considering variation by race/ethnicity may restrict scholarly understanding of health disparities. Population-based assessments of associations between physiological processes or social integration should consider whether these variables operate differently by race/ethnicity and work to explain why differences may emerge. Furthermore, interventions aimed at social integration may improve mental health among older adults in the United States; especially for the least socially integrated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms

Chapman

Santos-Lozada

2020

SSM - Population Health

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“…Given that living in sparsely populated areas may be associated with infrequent family/friend/neighbor contact as a major component of social isolation, lower population density may theoretically be associated with social isolation. In the USA, however, association between population density and social isolation was inconsistent among races [27].…”

Section: Population Density and Other Social Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of population density on mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure – JROAD-DPC Registry Analysis –

Konishi

Matsuzawa

Ebina

et al. 2020

Journal of Cardiology

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Background: There is little evidence regarding social and geographic factors in patients with heart failure (HF). We sought to investigate the association between in-hospital mortality of patients with HF and population density of the patients' area of residence in Japan. Methods: The present study is a retrospective cohort analysis of the nationwide claim-based database, the Japanese Registry Of All cardiac and vascular Diseases-Diagnostic Procedure Combination (JROAD-DPC). We selected data of 196,286 hospitalized patients with HF (median age of 81 years and 51.8% males). Results: In-hospital mortality was 14.2%, 11.8%, and 9.5% in the lower, middle, and upper tertiles of population density, respectively. Age sub-analysis showed the largest absolute rural-urban disparity in mortality was 4.6% in the oldest subgroup (!80 years). Multivariate analysis using mixed logistic regression model revealed that higher population density was associated with lower in-hospital mortality: multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.785, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.713-0.864), p < 0.001 and 0.687, 95% CI: (0.623-0.757), p < 0.001 in the middle and upper tertiles, in comparison with the lower tertile as a reference, after adjustment for age, sex, the New York Heart Association class, comorbidities, and hospital volume. The same tendency was observed in propensity score analysis using 62,291 (in the lower vs. middle tertile) and 57,228 (in the lower vs. upper tertile) matched pairs (OR: 0.797, 95% CI: 0.725-0.877, p < 0.001 and OR: 0.695, 95% CI: 0.634-0.762, p < 0.001 in the middle and upper tertile, respectively). Conclusions: Higher population density was associated with lower in-hospital mortality in HF. More research is needed to gain insight into causality.

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Social isolation and vulnerability to heatwave-related mortality in the urban elderly population: A time-series multi-community study in Korea

Kim

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

Environment International

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Social Isolation and Population Density: Impact of Race/Ethnicity

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms

Racial and ethnic differences in the associations between social integration, C-reactive protein and depressive symptoms

Impact of population density on mortality in patients hospitalized for heart failure – JROAD-DPC Registry Analysis –

Social isolation and vulnerability to heatwave-related mortality in the urban elderly population: A time-series multi-community study in Korea

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