Social interaction masking contributes to changes in the activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and impacts on circadian rhythms

Fernandes, Paola; Pereira, Luciana de Melo; Horta, Nayara Abreu Coelho; Cardoso, Thais S. R.; Coimbra, Cândido Celso; Szawka, Raphael E.; Pereira, Grace Schenatto; Poletini, Maristela O.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113420

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…In contrast to diurnal organisms, nocturnal organisms exhibit an inverted phase relationship between the active and rest phases with electrical activity in the SCN ( Brown and Piggins, 2007 ; Colwell, 2011 ). Once again, we should recognize that many environmental factors are capable of affecting masking and circadian rhythms, including light, darkness, socialization, temperature, food, and even drug usage ( Aschoff, 1999 ; Kosobud et al, 2007 ; Hasler et al, 2012 ; Refinetti, 2015 ; Fernandes et al, 2021 ). When these environmental stimuli occur at naturally appropriate and predictable time points, alignment occurs, and masking promotes activity during the same time as signaled by the circadian pacemaker strengthening entrainment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keep Your Mask On: The Benefits of Masking for Behavior and the Contributions of Aging and Disease on Dysfunctional Masking Pathways

Gall

Shuboni-Mulligan

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Environmental cues (e.g., light-dark cycle) have an immediate and direct effect on behavior, but these cues are also capable of “masking” the expression of the circadian pacemaker, depending on the type of cue presented, the time-of-day when they are presented, and the temporal niche of the organism. Masking is capable of complementing entrainment, the process by which an organism is synchronized to environmental cues, if the cues are presented at an expected or predictable time-of-day, but masking can also disrupt entrainment if the cues are presented at an inappropriate time-of-day. Therefore, masking is independent of but complementary to the biological circadian pacemaker that resides within the brain (i.e., suprachiasmatic nucleus) when exogenous stimuli are presented at predictable times of day. Importantly, environmental cues are capable of either inducing sleep or wakefulness depending on the organism’s temporal niche; therefore, the same presentation of a stimulus can affect behavior quite differently in diurnal vs. nocturnal organisms. There is a growing literature examining the neural mechanisms underlying masking behavior based on the temporal niche of the organism. However, the importance of these mechanisms in governing the daily behaviors of mammals and the possible implications on human health have been gravely overlooked even as modern society enables the manipulation of these environmental cues. Recent publications have demonstrated that the effects of masking weakens significantly with old age resulting in deleterious effects on many behaviors, including sleep and wakefulness. This review will clearly outline the history, definition, and importance of masking, the environmental cues that induce the behavior, the neural mechanisms that drive them, and the possible implications for human health and medicine. New insights about how masking is affected by intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, temporal niche, and age will be discussed as each relates to human health. The overarching goals of this review include highlighting the importance of masking in the expression of daily rhythms, elucidating the impact of aging, discussing the relationship between dysfunctional masking behavior and the development of sleep-related disorders, and considering the use of masking as a non-invasive treatment to help treat humans suffering from sleep-related disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keep Your Mask On: The Benefits of Masking for Behavior and the Contributions of Aging and Disease on Dysfunctional Masking Pathways

Gall

Shuboni-Mulligan

2022

Front. Neurosci.

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“…This biological daily rhythm, called circadian rhythm from Latin words circa dies (meaning approximately day), is the adaptative response to Earth’s rotation in order to maximize the use of existing resources ensuring the survival. Light, referred also as photic zeitgeber (zeitgeber from German “time givers” ), is the main external stimulus that regulates autonomous circadian oscillations ( 4 ), but food ( 5 ), exercise ( 6 ), and social activities ( 7 ) also act as zeitgeber ( Figure 1 ). In humans, sleep–wake cycle, the best known circadian rhythm, is characterized by a long diurnal active period and a shorter nocturnal sleeping time ( 8 ).…”

Section: Overview Of Chronobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in Introduction , different causes induce a disharmony between central clock and peripheral clocks. Shift work, jetlag, and social jetlag are probably the most studied external factors able to disturb circadian rhythmicity ( 1 , 7 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 ).…”

Section: When the Orchestra Is Out Of Tune: Circadian Misalignment/de...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises

Senesi

Ferrulli²,

Luzi³

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.

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How Non-photic Cues for the Circadian Time System Matter in Healthy Aging

Poletini

Fernandes

Horta

2023

Healthy Ageing and Longevity

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Social interaction masking contributes to changes in the activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and impacts on circadian rhythms

Cited by 8 publications

References 70 publications

Keep Your Mask On: The Benefits of Masking for Behavior and the Contributions of Aging and Disease on Dysfunctional Masking Pathways

Keep Your Mask On: The Benefits of Masking for Behavior and the Contributions of Aging and Disease on Dysfunctional Masking Pathways

Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises

How Non-photic Cues for the Circadian Time System Matter in Healthy Aging

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