Social Information Processing and Cluster B Personality Pathology among Clinic-Referred Adolescents

Hessels, Christel; Aken, Marcel A. G. van; Castro, Bram Orobio de; Laceulle, Odilia M.; Voorst, Guus van

doi:10.1159/000440812

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Second, the data show that person perception and first impression formation is a rather objective or superindividual process [22] . A large group of observers comes to similar judgements when looking at the same person in different outfits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Modification of First Impression Formation and “Personality” by Manipulating Outer Appearance

Hüttner¹

2017

Psychopathology

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Background/Aims: Global impression is the first item in any psychopathological evaluation, as patients often elicit negative responses in other persons by a dysfunctional first impression formation. This can lead to interactional problems and stigmatization. This study tested to what degree the perception of “personality” can be changed by simple manipulations of the outer appearance of a person. Method: A total of 92 persons were given two different photos of the same female, one with hair combed back and the other with “open” curly hair. For each picture they made ratings on the Bipolar MED Rating Scale, which asks for judgements on 23 emotional impressions. Results: The rating on the “two” persons differed significantly for 16 of the 23 items. Curled open hair led to a more open-hearted and trusting impression, while the combed-back hair was perceived as more reserved, earnest, and defiant. Results were independent of age and gender. Conclusion: People come to far-reaching conclusions about the “personality” of other persons (first impression formation) based on the outer appearance. This opens treatment options for improving social interaction and fighting stigma in patients with mental disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Modification of First Impression Formation and “Personality” by Manipulating Outer Appearance

Hüttner¹

2017

Psychopathology

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“…The majority of patients were admitted on the initiative of their health and pension insurance because of prolonged sickness, or absence from/problems at work, which can include experiencing interactional and/or organizational injustice [28-30]. This provided the opportunity for a higher rate of patients with embitterment reactions, irrespective of whether the environment or a mental disorder has caused the problem [31]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal and Aggressive Ideation Associated with Feelings of Embitterment

Noack¹

2018

Psychopathology

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Background: Mental disorders can be associated with suicidal or aggressive ideation and behavior, especially in the context of embitterment. The aim of this study is to investigate the types, prevalence, and dangerousness of aggressive and suicidal ideations associated with embitterment. Methods: When therapists from the department of behavioral medicine detected signs of embitterment, aggression, or suicidal thoughts in their patients, they routinely filled out a questionnaire on aggressive ideation, assessed the embitterment, and contacted a senior psychiatrist. Additionally, patients answered an embitterment scale. Results: There were 127 patients (3.84% of all patients) with suicidal and/or aggressive ideation. They had an increased score of 2.93 (SD 0.74) on the embitterment scale, associated with personal vilification (62.7%), breach of trust (30.2%), public humiliation (25.4%), death/loss (5.6%), or attacks by another person (14.3%). We found that 83.5% of the patients harbored aggressive ideations; in 94.1% of this group, these were directed against the person who had caused the problem, 88.3% wanted to inflict severe damage, 38.8% to harm another person, 31.5% showed suicidal ideation, and 3.2% had fantasies of murder-suicide. Only 34.3% of the patients reported spontaneously about their current aggressive ideation. The limitations of the study are that the data come from an inpatient sample and patients were identified according to clinical judgement. Conclusion: Aggressive ideation is regularly associated with embitterment. This deserves the attention of therapists for the prevention of aggressive acts.

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“…This enabled us to explore how trajectories of change in symptom distress were related to dispositional and contextual factors. For a detailed sample description of this subsample, see Hessels, van Aken, de Castro, Laceulle, & van Voorst, (2016). Patients in this subsample received different kinds of psychological care, with 68 (54%) receiving some form of psychotherapy, and 50 (39%) receiving case‐management, resulting from multidisciplinary guidelines on clinical decision making.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of change in symptom distress in a clinical group of late adolescents: The role of maladaptive personality traits and relations with parents

Koster

Laceulle

Heijden

et al. 2018

Personality & Mental Health

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In this study, it was analysed whether trajectories of change in symptom distress could be identified in a clinical group of late adolescents with personality pathology. Furthermore, it was examined whether maladaptive personality traits and relations with parents were predictive of following one of these trajectories. Three latent classes emerged from growth mixture modelling with a symptom inventory (n = 911): a Stable High, a Strong Decreasing and a Moderate Decreasing trajectory. Subsequently, by using multinomial logistic regression analyses in a subsample of late‐adolescents (n = 127), it was revealed that high levels of Negative Affectivity and Detachment were predictive of following the Strong Decreasing, and high levels of Detachment were predictive of following the Stable High trajectory. Support from or Negative Interactions with parents were not predictive of any of the trajectories. The current results contribute to the notion of individual trajectories of change in symptom distress and provide suggestions for screening patients on personality traits to gain insight in the course of this change. © 2018 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Social Information Processing and Cluster B Personality Pathology among Clinic-Referred Adolescents

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Modification of First Impression Formation and “Personality” by Manipulating Outer Appearance

Modification of First Impression Formation and “Personality” by Manipulating Outer Appearance

Suicidal and Aggressive Ideation Associated with Feelings of Embitterment

Trajectories of change in symptom distress in a clinical group of late adolescents: The role of maladaptive personality traits and relations with parents

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