“…Mangla et al ( 2014 ) studied the performance variables under the uncertainty and risk of a sustainable supply chain. Further, the application of TISM can also be seen in the area of industry 4.0 (Ajmera & Jain, 2019 ; Jain & Ajmera, 2020 ), lean manufacturing (Chaple et al, 2021 ; Singh et al, 2018 ; Virmani et al, 2018 ), flexibility (Yadav & Sagar, 2021 ; Jain & Raj, 2015 ; Mangla et al, 2014 ), higher education (Sravat & Pathranarakul, 2022 ; Menon et al, 2021 ), implementation (Chaple et al, 2021 ; Singh & Dhir, 2022 ), start-up ecosystem (Sindhwani et al, 2022 ; Singh et al, 2020 ; Singh et al, 2019 ), and information systems (Dwivedi & Madaan, 2020 ; Singh & Singla, 2021 ). With the advancement of technologies and fields, TISM is also applied in the area of blockchain (Shardeo et al, 2020 ; Mathivathanan et al, 2021 ; Dwivedi et al, 2022 ), internet of things (Patil & Suresh, 2019 ; Singh et al, 2020 ), artificial intelligence (Mir et al, 2020 ; Jain et al, 2021 ), and health care research (Logesh & Vinodh, 2022 ; Priyadarsini et al, 2020 ; Patri & Suresh, 2017 ).…”