Social-environmental factors associated with elevated body mass index in a Ukrainian cohort of children

Abstract

The picture in the Ukraine during the 1990s, a period of economic hardship, revealed that variables associated with higher standards of living were predictive of elevated BMI: higher social class, meat consumption and friendly neighborhoods. Variables associated with economic isolation were predictive of a lower risk of elevated BMI.

Characterizing whole diets of young children from developed countries and the association between diet and health: a systematic review

“…1). 22–61 Of the excluded studies, 21 were from developing countries, 19 involved schoolchildren over 5 years of age, 10 were methodology or review articles, 7 involved nutrients or foods rather than whole diets, and 1 was a retrospective design.…”

“…Of the larger cohort studies, only the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) was sampled from the entire population 45 . Irrespective of the sampling frame, the large cohort studies achieved a study sample considered broadly representative of the wider population 45,46,48–61 . The studies included in this review involved children ranging in age from 1 to 5 years 46,48 …”

“…It is also unclear how the optimal number of components was determined because, although most studies report consulting Scree plots or Eigenvalues, the specific criteria applied to determine the PCA model (termed “solution”) was generally not reported. Despite some uncertainties in statistical methodology, the included studies reported that the overall PCA solution explained between 13% and 58% of the total variance in dietary intake, 48,58 although this information was not reported in one study 45 . Cluster analysis was performed on between 8 and 24 food or beverage items using Wards or k‐means methods for estimating distances between diet items and cluster membership.…”

“…Some common themes emerged in the dietary patterns characterized in each study (Table 3). Among the cohorts that evaluated the diets of children aged 3–5 years, most identified a type of “healthy” and “unhealthy” pattern 45,46,53,58,59 . The names applied to pattern scores were determined by researchers and based on the foods that loaded most heavily on the pattern.…”

Vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y obesidad en escolares chilenos de primero básico: comparación entre los años 2009 y 2013

“…Estos resultados son semejantes a los reportados por Carrillo y cols. en población infantil de Perú que reportaron incidencias de obesidad infantil mayor entre el grupo menos pobre 28 y Friedman y cols en Ucrania que observaron que niños de clase media tuvieron un 60% más de probabilidad de presentar exceso de peso en comparación con aquellos de clase baja 29 . Los resultados descritos en este estudio suelen observarse en países que se encuentran en post-transición nutricional y en sociedades con alto grado de desarrollo, en donde las personas más vulnerables tienen mayor susceptibilidad a aumentar de peso 30,31,32 .…”