Characterizing whole diets of young children from developed countries and the association between diet and health: a systematic review

Smithers, Lisa G.; Golley, Rebecca K.; Brazionis, Laima; Lynch, John

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00407.x

Cited by 108 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(493 reference statements)

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“…Eligible studies were identified in the literature published between 1970 and June 2013 using electronic searches of PubMed and Web of Science (English language only) and the following search terms: dietary patterns; PCA; FA; RRR; children; adolescents; obesity; BMI; overweight; weight. Reference lists in eligible articles and relevant reviews (16,17) were also hand searched. Studies on growth confined to infancy were excluded.…”

Section: Identifying the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood dietary patterns and later obesity: a review of the evidence

2013

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A range of individual nutrients and foods have been suggested to increase obesity risk in childhood, but the evidence is inconsistent. Dietary patterns that summarise the whole diet may, however, be more informative. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review the current evidence pertaining to overall dietary patterns in childhood and later obesity risk. Studies eligible for review identified childhood dietary patterns using an empirical method, i.e. principal components analysis, factor analysis or reduced rank regression, and reported their prospective associations with an obesity-related outcome. Literature searches identified 166 studies and of these, seven met the eligibility criteria. Despite differences between studies, a common dietary pattern was identified in all seven studies that was high in energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre foods. The quality of studies varied, however; the four studies reporting positive associations between this type of dietary pattern and later obesity risk were of consistently higher quality than those reporting null associations. The balance of evidence from this systematic review indicates that dietary patterns that are high in energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre foods predispose young people to later overweight and obesity. It also highlights that examining multiple dietary factors within a dietary pattern may better explain obesity risk than individual nutrients or foods. However, more prospective studies are needed and dietary pattern research requires greater rigour and focus, to further clarify the role of dietary factors in the aetiology of obesity and inform future interventions.Dietary patterns: Obesity: Children: Adolescents: Cohort studies: Review A range of specific nutrients and foods have been suggested as important dietary determinants of obesity in childhood and adolescence, including but not limited to, fruit and vegetables (1) , fibre (2) , fat (3) , fast food (4) and sugary drinks (5) . However, with the exception of sugary drinks, where the evidence is increasingly clear (5) , the specific dietary risk factors for obesity in young people remain a matter of debate.It is plausible that the overall dietary pattern may better explain obesity risk than individual nutrients or foods. Dietary patterns can summarise the combined and potentially synergistic effects of a repertoire of foods contributing to usual dietary intake in a defined population. Many food and nutrient intakes are strongly correlated or colinear, providing the basis for dietary patterns. This colinearity is partly due to the natural composition of the human diet, which has evolved over millennia by way of biology, ecology and culture. Moreover, where food is abundant, as in most western societies, dietary patterns may also be shaped by wider determinants, such as food environments (6) and psychology, e.g. social norms (7) and hedonic hunger (8) . While epidemiologists may wish to separate the effects of individual exposures, e.g. foods and nutrients, the correlated nature of di...

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Section: Identifying the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood dietary patterns and later obesity: a review of the evidence

2013

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“…4 A systematic review of studies on diets of well-nourished children ,5 years of age from developed countries identified a prevalence of incomplete adherence to dietary guidelines, indicating that there is room for improvement. 5 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with improved immune outcomes and fewer respiratory infections in infants and children. [6][7][8][9] Previous studies of children ,6 years of age in the United States have reported inadequate intake of DHA and corresponding low DHA status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-up Formula Consumption in 3- to 4-Year-Olds and Respiratory Infections: An RCT

Jin

Liu

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVE: Children are vulnerable to diet inadequacies, which may affect immune function. Our objective was to determine if a follow-up formula (FUF) containing DHA, the prebiotics PDX and GOS, and yeast β-glucan affects incidence of respiratory infections and diarrheal disease in healthy children. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective trial, 3-4 year old children were fed 3 servings per day of either a FUF with 25 mg DHA, 1.2 g PDX/GOS, and 8.7 mg yeast β-glucan per serving or an unfortified, cow’s milk-based beverage (control) for 28 weeks. Fecal and blood samples were collected to assess immune markers and iron/zinc status. Incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrheal disease, and antibiotic treatment were obtained from medical records. RESULTS: The FUF group had fewer episodes and shorter duration of ARI (mean days [SE]; control = 4.3 [0.2]; FUF = 3.5 [0.2]; P = .007), less antibiotic use (n [%]; control = 21 [14%]; FUF = 8 [5%]; P = .01), and fewer missed days of day care due to illness. No diarrheal disease was diagnosed in either group. The FUF group had higher interleukin-10 and white blood cell count at the end of the study. There were no differences in hemoglobin, serum ferritin and zinc, or fecal secretory immunoglobulin A. CONCLUSIONS: Daily consumption of a FUF was associated with fewer episodes and shorter duration of ARI, as well as less antibiotic use. The children who consumed the FUF had increased interleukin-10 and white blood cells, suggesting an antiinflammatory mechanism and/or an increase of effector immune cells.

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“…Both, the exclusive BF and sufficient complementary feeding (in quality and quantity) are some factors that promote adequate growth and physical composition 19 .…”

Section: Breastfeeding and Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactancia materna, desarrollo motor y obesidad, ¿Existe asociación causal?

2017

Rev. chil. pediatr.

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Childhood obesity is the main nutritional and public health problem in Chile, being the principal causes, the increase in energy dense foods and the decline of physical activity. Interventions to prevent obesity at infancy are focused mainly in improving quality and quantity of dietary intake, without taking into account physical activity, which is expressed under two years of age, mainly by motor development. Some studies have proven that motor development at early age, may influence the ability to perform physical activity. Thus, infants scoring a lower motor development may have a greater risk of becoming obese. It isn't know if childhood obesity causes lower motor development (given that children may have greater difficulty to move), or on the contrary, it is the lower ability to move, which increases the obesity risk. The objective of this manuscriptis analize the evidence regards the relation between breastfeeding, motor development and obesity in the childhood.To be able to understand this asocation and casual mecanism, it is important to develop stategys focused in early infancy to promote breastfeeding, healthy eating and early stimulation, starting in pediatric office. 452ClINICal OveRvIew Breastfeeding, gross motor development and obesity -G. weisstaub N et al

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Characterizing whole diets of young children from developed countries and the association between diet and health: a systematic review

Cited by 108 publications

References 70 publications

Childhood dietary patterns and later obesity: a review of the evidence

Childhood dietary patterns and later obesity: a review of the evidence

Follow-up Formula Consumption in 3- to 4-Year-Olds and Respiratory Infections: An RCT

Lactancia materna, desarrollo motor y obesidad, ¿Existe asociación causal?

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