Social determinants of health in older age

Marmot, Michael; Wilkinson, Richard G.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198565895.003.13

Cited by 206 publications

(261 citation statements)

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“…Research over the past decade on the social determinants of health (17,18) has documented the significant effect of relative socio-economic status on the risk of premature death. Disparities in exposure to pollutants, to the extent that they parallel differing levels of social disadvantage, can be expected to compound vulnerabilities to illness and injury that track these status differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Cancer Risk from Air Pollution in Houston: Disparities in Risk Burden and Social Disadvantage

Linder

Marko

Sexton

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

119

123

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Air toxics are of particular concern in Greater Houston, home to one of the world’s largest petrochemical complexes and a quarter of the nation’s refining capacity. Much of this complex lies along a navigable ship channel that flows 50 miles from east of the central business district through Galveston Bay and into the Gulf of Mexico. Numerous communities, including both poor and affluent neighborhoods, are located in close proximity to the 200 facilities along this channel. Our aim is to examine the spatial distribution of cumulative, air-pollution-related cancer risks in Houston and Harris County, with particular emphasis on identifying ethnic, economic, and social disparities. We employ exposure estimates from NATA-1999 and census data to assess whether the cumulative cancer risks from air toxics in Houston (and Harris County) fall disproportionately on certain ethnicities and on the socially and economically disadvantaged. The cancer risk burden across Harris County census tracts increases with the proportion of residents who are Hispanic and with key indicators of relative social disadvantage. Aggregate disadvantage grows at each higher level of cancer risk. The highest cancer risk in Harris County is concentrated along a corridor flanking the ship channel. These high-risk neighborhoods, however, vary markedly in relative disadvantage, as well as in emission source mix. Much of the risk they face appears to be driven by only a few hazardous air pollutants. Results provide evidence of risk disparities from hazardous air pollution based on ethnicity and social disadvantage. At the highest levels of risk the pattern is more complex, arguing for a neighborhood level of analysis, especially when proximity to high-emissions industries is a substantial contributor to cumulative cancer risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Cancer Risk from Air Pollution in Houston: Disparities in Risk Burden and Social Disadvantage

Linder

Marko

Sexton

2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

119

123

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“…Liem and Liem [27] also highlighted the chronicity of stressors experienced among individuals from lower social classes, which is also linked to negative physical and psychological outcomes. Persons holding low social positions are more strongly affected emotionally by undesirable life events than are their higher-status counterparts [28,29], and lower social status has an inverse relationship with behavioral, psychological, and chronic disease outcomes [22,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. These phenomena are often explained by social stress theory, which posits that social inequality results in a wide range of negative health outcomes [37][38][39].…”

Section: Ses and Status-related Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment and response to HAART during initial therapy for HIV-1 infection

Marc

Testa

Walker

et al. 2007

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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“…There are, however, a range of social determinants both prior to and during her HDR candidature that appear to have cumulatively contributed to this. In her teenage years, she had little control over her life, poor supportive networks and limited income, social factors that have been linked to a high use of tobacco (Marmot, 1999) which impacted negatively on her health. The death of her son which occurred during her candidature produced stress that further enhanced her health issues.…”

Section: Reasons For Leavingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burdens too difficult to carry? A case study of three academically able Indigenous Australian Masters students who had to withdraw

Chirgwin

2014

International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education

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Previous research into attrition rates of Indigenous Australian Higher Degree by Research (HDR) candidates has focused on institutional barriers, highlighting cultural disparities. This case study of three academically able candidates who withdrew before completion from an institution designed to meet the needs of Indigenous students describes their path into the award and non-academic factors over the span of their education that impacted on their performance, then draws upon studies of resilience to propose that the psycho-social environments in which they had to operate were complex and burdensome. It proposes that institutions that enroll Indigenous Australian HDR candidates cannot ignore these environments and more appropriate support strategies should be employed.

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Social determinants of health in older age

Cited by 206 publications

References 0 publications

Cumulative Cancer Risk from Air Pollution in Houston: Disparities in Risk Burden and Social Disadvantage

Cumulative Cancer Risk from Air Pollution in Houston: Disparities in Risk Burden and Social Disadvantage

Educational attainment and response to HAART during initial therapy for HIV-1 infection

Burdens too difficult to carry? A case study of three academically able Indigenous Australian Masters students who had to withdraw

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