Social deprivation index and lymphatic filariasis: a tool for mapping urban areas at risk in northeastern Brazil

Abstract

This paper describes the construction and application of a social deprivation index that was created to explore the relationship between lymphatic filariasis and socioenvironmental variables in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil, thereby contributing towards identifying priority areas for interventions. This indicator was obtained from principal-component factor analysis. Variables available from the national census representing socioenvironmental conditions, household characteristics and urban services were used. Epidemiological data came from a parasitological survey on lymphatic filariasis. 23 673 individuals were examined and 323 were positive (1.4%). Two factors that together explained 80.61% of the total variance were selected. The social deprivation strata were capable of indicating a risk gradient, with 74.9% of the microfilaremia cases situated in the high-risk stratum. Principal-component factor analysis was shown to be sensitive for selecting indicators associated with the risk of lymphatic filariasis transmission and for detecting areas potentially at risk. The capacity of the social deprivation index for picking up social inequalities qualifies it as a new tool for use in planning interventions aimed at controlling lymphatic filariasis in urban spaces.

Area Deprivation and Liver Cancer Prevalence in Shenzhen, China: A Spatial Approach Based on Social Indicators

“…There hasn't been a unified approach to weighting. For some formal index such as (Winkleby et al 2007;Bonfim et al 2009;Yuan and Wu 2013;Shmool et al 2015). It has the optimal orthogonal transformation and constructs the variables to best explain the variance in the data.…”

“…In Spain, compound indices relating to illiteracy rate, unemployment rate and percentage of manual laborers are used to describe deprivation in small areas (Sánchez-Cantalejo et al 2008). The social deprivation index in Brazil involves socio-environmental conditions, household characteristics and urban services (Bonfim et al 2009). An area-based index including six socioeconomic variables covers two dimensions-material and social deprivation of Québec and Canada (Robert et al 2012).…”

“…Sociologists argue that poorly educated and economically disadvantaged individuals lack of capital, knowledge and resources (conceptualized as ''social deprivation'' : Townsend 1987;Eroglu 2007) to avoid and reduce the disease risks (Bonfim et al 2009;Anne et al 2011;Burrows et al 2011). Significant individual social gradients in cancer are observed in developed countries (e.g., UK, USA, France and Spain) with evidence for worse outcomes associated with higher deprivation (Anne et al 2011;Kuznetsov et al 2011;Hystad et al 2013).…”

“…Recent literature frequently designs area level deprivation index to health resource allocation and care planning (Havard et al 2008;Kuznetsov et al 2011;Robert et al 2012). Scholars have established area deprivation index (ADI) in the Japan, New Zealand, Canada, United States, Italy, France, Spain, and Belgium (Bonfim et al 2009;Nolan and Winston 2011;Panczak et al 2012;Robert et al 2012;Sánchez-Cantalejo et al 2008). Pilot studies identify significant relationships between area deprivation and cancer prevalence in the well-developed countries (Erhunmwunsee et al 2012;Meijer et al 2013).…”

Adequação da investigação dos óbitos infantis no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil

“…It is noteworthy that the district, as the unit of analysis, presents the advantage of being less heterogeneous than the whole municipality. Aside from this, these territorial units are utilized for all the areas of the municipal public administration, which facilitates an intersectoral approach, planning of actions, and operationalization of social and health programs 27 . The international experiences indicate whether the strategy is to be properly executed to understand the circumstances of the death and carry out the effective recommendations to avoid similar events [28][29][30] .…”