Urban lymphatic filariasis

Simonsen, Paul E.; Mwakitalu, Mbutolwe E.

doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3226-x

Cited by 85 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The magnitude of the potential risk for the establishment of sustainable foci of lymphatic filariasis depends mainly on the number of W. bancrofti carriers, the microfilarial density in these individuals, the existence of potential vectors, and environmental conditions that favor transmission [32][33][34] .…”

Section: Snow and Michaelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and Culex mosquitoes in the western Brazilian Amazon region: implications for transmission and control

Korte

Fontes

Camargo

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 46(2):214-220, Mar-Apr, 2013http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/0037-8682-1708-2013 Major Article INTRODUCTION Survey of Bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and ABSTRACT Introduction:The aim of this work was to identify possible lymphatic filariasis foci in the western Brazilian Amazonian that could be established from the reports of Rachou in the 1950s. The study was conducted in three cities of the western Brazilian Amazon region -Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim (State of Rondônia) and Humaitá (State of Amazonas). Methods: For human infection evaluation thick blood smear stained with Giemsa was used to analyze samples collected from 10pm to 1am. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine mosquito vectors for the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA. Humans were randomly sampled from night schools students and from inhabitants in neighborhoods lacking sanitation. Mosquitoes were collected from residences only. Results: A total 2,709 night students enrolled in the Program for Education of Young Adults (EJA), and 935 people registered in the residences near the schools were examined, being 641 from Porto Velho, 214 from Guajará-Mirim and 80 from Humaitá. No individual examined was positive for the presence of microfilariae in the blood stream. A total of 7,860 female Culex quinquefasciatus specimens examined were negative by PCR. Conclusions: This survey including human and mosquito examinations indicates that the western Amazon region of Brazil is not a focus of Bancroftian filariasis infection or transmission. Therefore, there is no need to be included in the Brazilian lymphatic filariasis control program.

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Section: Snow and Michaelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and Culex mosquitoes in the western Brazilian Amazon region: implications for transmission and control

Korte

Fontes

Camargo

et al. 2013

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Especially, mosquito vectors are solely responsible for transmitting diseases such as malaria, dengue, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis. These diseases pose a major problem in diseaseprevalent countries and are presently rampant owing to amplify globalization, urbanization, and global warming (Joseph et al 2011;Simonsen and Mwakitalu 2013). Culex mosquitoes are painful and persistent biters and are responsible for filariasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS analysis of bioactive components and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus at room temperature evaluation of their stability and its larvicidal activity

Suman

Rajasree

Jayaseelan

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Hybanthus enneaspermus extract at room temperature that act as a reducing agent as well as capping agent has been investigated. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The silver surface plasmon resonance was observed at 420 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. XRD peaks were observed at 2θ values in 38.20°, 44.40°, 64.60°, and 77.50° which are indexed as (111), (200), (220), and (311) bands of face-centered cubic (fcc) structures of silver. FTIR revealed the AgNPs were capped with plant compounds of alcohol, phenols, carbonyl, amines, and amide functional groups. TEM image shows that the particles were of spherical, hexagonal, and triangular in shape, and the size range was 16-26 nm. Further, DLS exhibits the average size of 25.2 nm and the zeta values were measured (-27.1 mV) which proves the stability of the AgNPs. The conversion of Ag(+) ions into Ag(0) was calculated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and was found to be 96 %. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed the larvicidal activity with the LC50 values of 17.24 and 13.12 mg/L against the fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of the plant extract showed that 39 bioactive phytochemical compounds have been found to possess a wide range of activities, which may help in the protection against incurable diseases.

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“…Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) commonly known as the southern house mosquito, is a vector of medical and veterinary importance of filaria parasites, including Wuchereria bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis 1, 2 and avian malaria parasites ( Plasmodium relictum) 3 . They also can transmit several arboviruses including Rift Valley fever, West Nile, St. Louis or Western equine encephalitis viruses 4, 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel function acquired by theCulex quinquefasciatusmosquito D7 salivary protein enhances blood feeding on mammals

Martín-Martín

Paige

Valenzuela-León

et al. 2020

Preprint

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9Adult female mosquitoes require a vertebrate blood meal to develop eggs and continue their life 10 cycle. During blood feeding, mosquito saliva is injected at the bite site to facilitate blood meal 11 acquisition through anti-hemostatic compounds that counteract blood clotting, platelet 12 aggregation, vasoconstriction and host immune responses. D7 proteins are among the most 13 abundant components of the salivary glands of several blood feeding insects. They are members 14 of a family of proteins that have evolved through gene duplication events to encode D7 proteins 15 of several lengths. Here, we examine the ligand binding specificity and physiological relevance 16 of two D7 long proteins, CxD7L1 and CxD7L2, from Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, the 17 vector of medical and veterinary diseases such as filariasis, avian malaria, and West Nile virus 18 infections. CxD7L1 and CxD7L2 were assayed by microcalorimetry for binding of potential host 19 ligands involved in hemostasis, including bioactive lipids, biogenic amines, and 20 nucleotides/nucleosides. CxD7L2 binds serotonin, histamine, and epinephrine with high affinity 21 as well as the thromboxane A2 analog U-46619 and several cysteinyl leukotrienes, as previously 22 described for other D7 proteins. CxD7L1 does not bind any of the ligands that are bound by 23 CxD7L2. Unexpectedly, CxD7L1 exhibited high affinity for adenine nucleotides and 24 nucleosides, a binding capacity not reported in any D7 family member. We solved the crystal 25 structure of CxD7L1 in complex with bound ADP to 1.97 Å resolution. The binding pocket for 26 ADP is located between the two domains of CxD7L1, whereas all known D7s bind ligands either 27 within the N-terminal or the C-terminal domains. We demonstrated that these two CxD7 long 28 proteins inhibit human platelet aggregation in ex vivo experiments. CxD7L1 and CxD7L2 help 29 blood feeding in mosquitoes by scavenging host molecules that promote vasoconstriction, 30 platelet aggregation, itch, and pain at the bite site. The novel ADP-binding function acquired by CxD7L1 evolved to enhance blood feeding in mammals where ADP plays a key role in platelet 32 aggregation. 33 Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) commonly known as the southern house mosquito, 35 is a vector of medical and veterinary importance of filaria parasites, including Wuchereria 36 bancrofti and Dirofilaria immitis 1, 2 and avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium relictum) 3 . They 37 also can transmit several arboviruses including Rift Valley fever, West Nile, St. Louis or 38 Western equine encephalitis viruses 4, 5 . Adult female mosquitoes need to acquire vertebrate 39 blood for egg development. During blood feeding, mosquito saliva is injected at the bite site and 40 facilitates blood meal acquisition through anti-hemostatic compounds that prevent blood clotting, 41 platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction as well as host immune responses 6 . 42D7 proteins are among the most abundant components in the salivary glands of several blood 43 feeding ar...

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Urban lymphatic filariasis

Cited by 85 publications

References 45 publications

Survey of Bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and Culex mosquitoes in the western Brazilian Amazon region: implications for transmission and control

Survey of Bancroftian filariasis infection in humans and Culex mosquitoes in the western Brazilian Amazon region: implications for transmission and control

GC-MS analysis of bioactive components and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hybanthus enneaspermus at room temperature evaluation of their stability and its larvicidal activity

Novel function acquired by theCulex quinquefasciatusmosquito D7 salivary protein enhances blood feeding on mammals

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