Social Costs of War Against Terrorism in Pakistan (2002–2012)

Abstract

Objective: The terrorist attacks of September 9/11 ensued war on terror, which had world-wide implications. Being a front-line state in this war, Pakistan faced several human security challenges and risks on social, economic, and psychological grounds. This article critically analyses the impact of war on terror, which jeopardized lives of common people and aggravated militancy and extremism in the country. Method: This is a qualitative case study research that tries to establish an in-depth understanding of the social phenomenon of war on terror and its consequences on the social setup of human life in Pakistan. Findings: The major finding of research reveals that the war on terror caused religious extremism, suicide bombing culture, external intervention, and internal displacement. Recommendations: In order to control terrorism in Pakistan and to mitigate the post-war on terror effects, this research recommends to develop and enhance coordination in the affairs of main functionary bodies of the country like government, security forces, and intelligence agencies.

Prediction of Extremist Behaviour and Suicide Bombing from Terrorism Contents Using Supervised Learning

“…The primary aim of qualitative research by Abbasi et al [1] was to analyse the social, economic and physiological implications and repercussions for Pakistan after 9/11 and the ensuing war against terror. This study's major findings included a relationship between religious extremist behaviour and suicide bombing, external invasion, and internal displacement.…”

“…Law enforcement agencies need to formulate crime policies and strategic plans to prevent crimes and reduce crime rates. However, they face the challenge of effectively extracting relevant knowledge from a large volume of criminal data and reports [1]. Knowledge discovery (KD) and data mining from this mass of data require sophisticated analytical processing.…”

“…The attack engendered mass displacement in Afghanistan and compelled the country's people to take refuge in the religiously, ethnically, linguistically and culturally associated tribal areas of Pakistan. This cross-border displacement of people from Afghanistan to Pakistan caused social, political and economic upheaval, leading to a rise in militancy and extremism, drone attacks, internally displaced persons (IDPs) and suicide bombing attacks [1].…”

“…Suicide bombing is a terrorist practice targeting military personnel, famous personalities, religious sites and civilians. These attacks are usually carried out using vehicles or by individuals wearing vests and carrying explosives [1]. Tab.…”

A Theoretical Study of Islamic and Western Political Perspectives on the Causes of Terrorism After 911 in Fata and Kp Pakistan

“…Pakistan's government fully supported the US and also provided them bases in Pakistan territory. US attack caused displacement in Afghanistan and compelled the people to take refuge in Pakistan (Abbasi, 2020). The majority of people and religious parties were unhappy with the decision of the Musharraf regime.…”