Social communication with virtual agents: The effects of body and gaze direction on attention and emotional responding in human observers

Marschner, Linda; Pannasch, Sebastian; Schulz, J.; Graupner, Sven-Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.05.007

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These results are in striking contrast with those of studies relying on self-reports. As cited above, a study by Marschner et al (2015) showed that, while direct gaze increased valence ratings for happy faces in comparison to averted gaze (but no effect of gaze direction on neutral faces), direct gaze decreased valence ratings for angry faces. Lawson (2015) also tested whether similar results would be obtained if the face stimuli were replaced by arbitrary geometrical shapes of two different colors (associated with “looking at you” and “looking to the side” labels) or by arrows pointing toward or away.…”

Section: Behavioral Paradigms With Implicit Measuresmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The results showed that, when embedded in a neutral facial expression, gaze direction did not have an effect on participant’s ratings of their subjective affective valence. However, in the context of happy faces, direct gaze increased valence ratings; whereas, in the context of angry faces, direct gaze decreased valence ratings in comparison to averted gaze (Marschner et al, 2015). …”

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In fact, these closed-eyes stimuli elicited even higher valence ratings than direct-gaze stimuli did. In a study by Marschner et al (2015), virtual characters shifted their gaze (dynamic gaze shifts) ending up with either a direct or an averted gaze. In this study, the facial expression was also manipulated.…”

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in which participants were presented still images of faces or eye-regions (Uono and Hietanen, 2015; Chen et al, 2017a) reported higher valence ratings to direct versus averted gaze. A study that presented stimuli with dynamic gaze aversions resulted in no effect of gaze direction (Marschner et al, 2015). Studies using real, live faces as stimuli resulted in lower valence ratings to direct than averted gaze did (Hietanen et al, 2008; Pönkänen et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affective Eye Contact: An Integrative Review

2018

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In recent years, many studies have shown that perceiving other individuals’ direct gaze has robust effects on various attentional and cognitive processes. However, considerably less attention has been devoted to investigating the affective effects triggered by eye contact. This article reviews research concerning the effects of others’ gaze direction on observers’ affective responses. The review focuses on studies in which affective reactions have been investigated in well-controlled laboratory experiments, and in which contextual factors possibly influencing perceivers’ affects have been controlled. Two important themes emerged from this review. First, explicit affective evaluations of seeing another’s direct versus averted gaze have resulted in rather inconsistent findings; some studies report more positive subjective feelings to direct compared to averted gaze, whereas others report the opposite pattern. These contradictory findings may be related, for example, to differences between studies in terms of the capability of direct-gaze stimuli to elicit feelings of self-involvement. Second, studies relying on various implicit measures have reported more consistent results; they indicate that direct gaze increases affective arousal, and more importantly, that eye contact automatically evokes a positively valenced affective reaction. Based on the review, possible psychological mechanisms for the positive affective reactions elicited by eye contact are described.

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Section: Behavioral Paradigms With Implicit Measuresmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explicit Affective Feelings Elicited By Gaze Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Affective Eye Contact: An Integrative Review

2018

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“…7 Perhatian, kontak mata, bahasa tubuh, nada bicara, dan wajah merupakan hal penting yang dapat berpenga ruh dalam meningkatkan respon emosional pasien karena pasien akan merasa dipedulikan oleh petugas layanan kesehatan. 8 Kepuasan merupakan perasaan senang atau kecewa seseorang yang muncul setelah membandingkan kinerja hasil produk yang di kirkan terhadap hasil yang diharapkan. Kepuasan pasien adalah keadaan saat keinginan, harapan, dan kebutuhan pasien dapat terpenuhi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Kualitas komunikasi dan kepuasan pasien dalam pelayanan radiogra kedokteran gigi RSGM Prof. Soedomo

Simatupang

Suryani

Widyaningrum

et al. 2017

Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia

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ABSTRAKKualitas komunikasi merupakan salah satu komponen yang penting pada layanan kesehatan karena berhubungan dengan kepuasan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas komunikasi pada pelayanan radiogra kedokteran gigi dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Prof. Soedomo Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 100 responden terpilih. Kuesioner pada penelitian terdiri dari kuesioner kualitas komunikasi yang terdiri dari 19 butir pertanyaan yang mencakup 4 aspek penilaian komunikasi (introduce, explanation, listen carefully, dan empathy) dan kuesioner tingkat kepuasan pasien yang terdiri dari 20 butir pertanyaan yang mencakup 4 aspek penilaian kepuasan (open-endedness, empathy, abilities, dan general satisfaction). Skor hasil kuesioner penelitian diukur menggunakan skala likert dan penetapan kategori penilaian diukur menggunakan penilaian acuan patokan. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara kualitas komunikasi dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien, dengan arah korelasi positif dan kekuatan korelasi sangat kuat (r = 0,856). Penilaian pasien terhadap kualitas komunikasi radiografer sebagian besar menunjukkan kategori baik (64%). Aspek komunikasi yang paling berpengaruh adalah empathy (r = 0,842) dan introduce (r = 0,752). Sebagian besar pasien memberikan penilaian kepuasan pada tingkat puas (71%), dengan aspek penilaian kepuasan yang paling berpengaruh adalah (r = 0,807) dan general satisfaction (r = 0,706). Semakin baik komunikasi yang digunakan oleh radiografer maka akan semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan radiogra kedokteran gigi Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Prof. Soedomo Universitas Gadjah Mada.Kata kunci: kepuasan pasien; kualitas komunikasi; kuesioner; radiologi kedokteran gigi (introduction, explanation, careful listening, and empathy) ABSTRACT: The quality of communication and patient satisfaction in dental radiography. The quality of communication is one of important components in health service. The aim of this study is determine the relationship between the quality of communication and the level of patients in dental radiography service at Prof. Soedomo Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada. This study was conducted on 100 selected respondents. The quality of communication questionnaire consisted of 19 questions involving 4 aspects of communication assessment

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Eye fixations and electrodermal activity during low‐budget virtual reality embodiment

Krogmeier¹,

Mousas²

2020

Computer Animation & Virtual

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As motion-sensing devices become more accessible to consumers, it is important to understand how users experience embodiment when using these devices. In our 3 × 2 between-groups study, we explored eye fixations and electrodermal activity (EDA) in order to more objectively understand potential interaction effects between the self-avatar body, and the presence of a mirror within the context of low-budget embodiment. We developed six experimental conditions concerning Body (human, mannequin, and zombie self-avatars) and Mirror (mirror and no mirror) factors, and presented participants with a virtual environment in which they could control their self-avatars by using HTC Vive controllers and trackers. In addition to eye fixations and EDA, we assessed self-reported data concerning body ownership, agency, self-location, as well as enjoyment of the experience. Our results suggest that the Body may have been more influential in eliciting body ownership than the Mirror, and that an interaction effect between Gender and Body may influence eye gaze behavior. Additionally, female participants reported significantly higher agency than males. We consider logical next steps for similar research which might elaborate upon our findings.

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Social communication with virtual agents: The effects of body and gaze direction on attention and emotional responding in human observers

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Affective Eye Contact: An Integrative Review

Affective Eye Contact: An Integrative Review

Kualitas komunikasi dan kepuasan pasien dalam pelayanan radiogra kedokteran gigi RSGM Prof. Soedomo

Eye fixations and electrodermal activity during low‐budget virtual reality embodiment

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