Social capital in contemporary Europe: evidence from the European Social Survey

Halman, Loek; Luijkx, Ruud

doi:10.1386/pjss.5.1.65/1

Cited by 46 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Given the research findings that social capital is a multifaceted phenomenon, and that the different dimensions of social capital do not manifest a uniform relationship with the same phenomena (Guillen et al, 2011;Halman & Luijkx, 2006;Kaasa, 2009;Saxton & Benson, 2005), it is possible that the relationship between individualism-collectivism and participation in civic society, for instance, is different to the associations revealed by the present study. Unfortunately, the data from the ESS Round 6 (2012) do not allow us to estimate the strength and the scope of formal social networks.…”

Section: Limitations and Conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…Moreover, social capital appears to be a multifaceted phenomenon that cannot be captured by any one single measure (Halman & Luijkx, 2006). However, it may even be more complex than this -social capital has been shown to have different dimensions that do not manifest a uniform effect on the same phenomena, be they innovation (Kaasa, 2009) or nonprofit sector growth (Saxton & Benson, 2005), for example.…”

Section: Operationalizing and Measuring Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Social Capital and Individualism–Collectivism in Europe

2017

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The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between social capital and individualism-collectivism in a sample of 50,417 individuals from 29 European countries using data from the European Social Survey Round 6 (2012). Social capital was measured in terms of generalized social trust and informal social networks; individualism-collectivism was operationalized via Schwartz's Openness to Change-Conservation value dimension.Results from a hierarchical linear modeling analysis showed that less than 10 per cent of variance in social capital indicators was found between countries, meaning that the level of social capital varies more substantively between individuals than between the countries.Openness to Change had a weak but statistically significant and positive relationship both with the indices of Generalized Social Trust and Informal Social Networks, which remained significant even when individual age, gender, education level, and domicile were controlled for. In sum, our findings show that the positive relationship between social capital and individualism that has been found at the cultural level also holds at the individual level:people who emphasize independent thought, action, and readiness to change are also more willing to believe that most people can be trusted and are more engaged in informal social networks. The relationship is, nevertheless, very weak and the strength of the association varies significantly across different European countries. This variation, however, cannot be explained by country differences in level of democracy or human development and the country's wealth moderates only the individual level relationship between Openness to Change and Informal Social Networks. Our findings suggest that sources of social capital at the individual level can be found in people's immediate social surroundings, as well as their everyday social interactions.

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Section: Limitations and Conclusioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Operationalizing and Measuring Social Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Social Capital and Individualism–Collectivism in Europe

2017

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“…We do not expect such a pattern for Muslim-Bulgarians as their ethnic identity is Bulgarian, like the mainstream Bulgarians. Second, based on previous studies reporting on religious identity salience for Muslim minority groups (Verkuyten & Yildiz, 2009), we expect Turkish-Bulgarian and Muslim-Bulgarian youth to more strongly endorse their religious identity than their Bulgarian peers, among whom a generally less pronounced religiousness is observed (Halman & Petterson, 2001) (Hypothesis 1d).…”

Section: Aims Context and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identity and well-being of ethnic minority and mainstream adolescents in Bulgaria

Dimitrova¹,

Chasiotis²,

Bender³

et al. 2016

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

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Background We study identity in the context of long-term sedentary groups in Eastern Europe in contrast to the frequently studied short-term immigrants in typical Western European or US American contexts. This paper provides a novel approach to youth identity in an Eastern European post-communist context for minority groups that are quite distinct from the mainstream group to advance the study of identity. Turkish-Bulgarians and Muslim-Bulgarians have been subjected to extensive assimilation campaigns, which prompted them to carefully negotiate their ethnic identity and sense of belonging. Participants and procedure Participants were 366 adolescents aged 16 to 18 years (M = 16.72, SD = 0.71) from South Central and South Western regions of Bulgaria. This sample included Turkish-Bulgarian (n = 145), Muslim-Bulgarian (n = 85), and (mainstream) Bulgarian (n = 136) youth who provided data on personal, ethnic, familial, and religious identity as well as psychological well-being. Results Turkish-Bulgarian youth scored higher on achievement, diffusion, and foreclosure but lower on moratorium and Bulgarian ethnic and familial identity than Muslim-Bulgarian and Bulgarian youth. Bulgarian mainstreamers scored significantly lower on religious identity compared to their Turkish-Bulgarian and Muslim-Bulgarian peers. Finally, Bulgarian mainstream identity significantly predicted well-being of youth from all groups, independent of their ethnic background. Conclusions A strong ethnic and familial identity results in beneficial psychological outcomes for youth, even in the face of adversity and assimilation.

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“…more individualistic, emphasizing the importance of independence, personal time, personal accomplishments, and freedom to choose one's own goals (Allik & Realo, 2004; see also Halman & Luijkx, 2006;Kemmelmeier, Jambor, & Letner, 2006). The present study goes a step further by examining the relationship between social capital and individualism/ collectivism using a measure that distinguishes between different types of collectivism: familism (e.g., Hui & Triandis, 1986;Realo, Allik, & Vadi, 1997) and institutional collectivism (House, Hanges, Javidan, Dorfman, & Gupta, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radius of Trust

Realo

Allik

Greenfield³

2008

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

145

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Countries in which people believe that “most people can be trusted” and where citizens belong to a larger number of different voluntary associations are more individualistic, emphasizing the importance of independence and freedom to choose one's own goals. The present study examines the relationship between social capital and individualism/collectivism using a measure that distinguishes between familism and institutional collectivism. Familism correlated negatively with social capital, whereas institutional collectivism practices exhibited positive associations with social capital, especially with trust and participation in voluntary organizations such as church or religious organizations and labor unions. It is concluded that in societies where trust is limited to the nuclear family or kinship alone, people have lower levels of social capital. Social capital increases as the radius of trust widens to encompass a larger number of people and social networks among whom norms of generalized reciprocity are operative.

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Social capital in contemporary Europe: evidence from the European Social Survey

Cited by 46 publications

References 37 publications

The Relationship Between Social Capital and Individualism–Collectivism in Europe

The Relationship Between Social Capital and Individualism–Collectivism in Europe

Identity and well-being of ethnic minority and mainstream adolescents in Bulgaria

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