Social anxiety and social norms in individualistic and collectivistic countries

Schreier, Sina Simone; Heinrichs, Nina; Alden, Lynn E.; Rapee, Ronald M.; Hofmann, S.; Chen, Junwen; Oh, Kyung Ja; Bögels, Susan M.

doi:10.1002/da.20746

Cited by 105 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These findings are supported by documented historical and cultural differences in medical/health care beliefs. Historically, the approach to medicine/health care for Latinos and Japanese is more closely aligned with collectivism (versus individualism) (22, 23). This approach could also be the basis for these two race/ethnic groups’ support for and greater use of complementary and alternative medicine or holistic or ritualistic approaches to maintaining health and preventing disease relative to whites and African Americans (24–26).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences by Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults' Beliefs about the Relative Importance of Dietary Supplements vs Prescription Medications: Results from the SURE Study

Albright¹,

Schembre²,

Steffen³

et al. 2012

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary supplement use is widespread among adults across races/ethnicities, yet reasons for use may vary across these groups. The SUpplement REporting (SURE) study quantified dietary supplement use and reasons for taking supplements in a multiethnic sample of adults who took at least one supplement. This study explored socio-demographic differences, including by race/ethnicity, associated with specific reasons/motivations for taking dietary supplements, including perceived importance of taking supplements relative to prescription medications. The study time period was March 2005 to August 2006. Participants (n=397) were older adults (age = 52–88 y) recruited from the Multiethnic Cohort Study in Hawaii and Los Angeles, with equal representation of males and females from six ethnic groups (white, Japanese-American, Native Hawaiian, African-American, US-born Latino, and foreign-born Latino). Subgroups of participants were compared by chi-square tests and logistic regression. The most common reasons for taking supplements were to maintain a healthy life, recommended by a health professional, and to prevent a disease/medical problem. A majority (76%) of participants reported that their dietary supplements were as important as prescription medications, with foreign-born Latinos and Japanese-Americans being most likely to state this belief. The relative importance of supplements was not associated with excessive use, but 27% of participants exceeded the upper limit for a nutrient. It is crucial for health professionals to better understand why individuals take supplements and the importance that they attach to their use. This information could lead to better monitoring and education efforts in order to prevent overuse of supplements and possible interactions with medications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences by Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults' Beliefs about the Relative Importance of Dietary Supplements vs Prescription Medications: Results from the SURE Study

Albright¹,

Schembre²,

Steffen³

et al. 2012

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a later study [55], the authors conducted a replication and extension by including Latin American countries in the collectivistic group. The sample included 478 participants from individualistic countries and 388 individuals from collectivistic countries (including East Asian and Latin American).…”

Section: Cultural Factors That May Influence Sad: Future Research Dirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder

2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To examine cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder (SAD), we reviewed the literature on the prevalence rates, expressions, and treatments of social anxiety/SAD as they relate to culture, race, and ethnicity. We further reviewed factors that contribute to the differences in social anxiety/SAD between different cultures, including individualism/collectivism, perception of social norms, self-construal, gender roles, and gender role identification. Our review suggests that the prevalence and expression of social anxiety/SAD depends on the particular culture. Asian cultures typically show the lowest rates, whereas Russian and US samples show the highest rates, of SAD. Taijin kyofusho is discussed as a possible culture-specific expression of social anxiety, although the empirical evidence concerning the validity of this syndrome has been mixed. It is concluded that the individual's social concerns need to be examined in the context of the person's cultural, racial, and ethnic background in order to adequately assess the degree and expression of social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. This has direct relevance for the upcoming DSM-V.The defining feature of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is the fear of negative evaluation by others. Therefore, SAD is directly linked to social standards and role expectations, which are culture dependent. Recognizing the intricate interplay between culture and social anxiety, some research has focused on psychopathologic manifestations of SAD across cultures [1], while in other studies the focus has been on comparing disorder-typical symptoms across cultures [2]. It should be noted that most of the studies on cultural differences in SAD have examined Eastern (especially Japanese, Korean, and Chinese) and Western (US American and European) samples.The following is a review of the evidence pertaining to the validity of the DSM-IV-TR criteria for social anxiety disorder (SAD) as it relates to culture, race, and ethnicity. We use the term "race" when we refer to broad differentiations based on physiognomy (e.g., White), "ethnicity" when we refer to "common descent" and affiliation with a historically continuous community (e.g., Latino), and "culture" when we refer to social groups with specific or homogenous attributes. We particularly concentrate on culture as a source for the nosological revisions to explore whether certain cognitive/ behavioral elements (e.g., interpretations of illness; patterned reactions to stressors) affect the development or expression of psychiatric syndromes.The search methods for the current review entailed a thorough computer search using the Pubmed and PsychInfo databases for articles published since the publication of the DSM-IV in 1994. Specifically, key words relevant to SAD (i.e., "social phobia" or "social anxiety disorder") were combined with the terms "culture", "ethnic*", and "race". This approach

show abstract

“…However, there is still scarce literature on the role of cross-cultural factors in the expression and development of anxiety disorders (Heinrichs et al 2006;Hudson and Rapee 2009;Schreier et al 2010). There is some crosscultural evidence of the existence of differences in the distribution of anxiety disorders in individualistic and collectivistic cultures (Hofstede 2001;Pina et al 2009;Schreier et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Comparison of Anxiety Symptoms in Community-Based Chinese and Italian Adolescents

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anxiety symptoms are one of the most common diseases in youth worldwide. However, there is still scant literature on the role that cross-cultural factors may play in the expression and development of anxiety. Our study is aimed to compare anxiety symptoms in community based Chinese and Italian adolescents using the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS). In addition to the SCAS, the 3416 adolescents (13-18 years old) involved in the study, filled in the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). A multi-group factor analysis confirmed the adequacy of a 6-factor inter-correlated model across the countries. Results supported the convergent validity between the SCAS and the internalizing behaviours and the divergent validity between the SCAS and the externalizing problems, as measured by the SDQ. Chinese adolescents reported higher anxiety symptoms than Italian ones and girls scored higher than boys. No age differences were found. In addition, a comparison between the current research and previous studies conducted in China and Italy was carried out, showing few significant differences among the studies concerning the Italian samples. However, our Chinese adolescents reported greater anxiety symptoms compared to previous studies. Results support the use of the SCAS as a potentially valuable tool for assessing anxiety symptoms in both countries. The discussion highlighted the importance to consider cultural, as well as subcultural issues as to promote the understanding and prevention of anxiety symptoms in adolescence.

show abstract

Social anxiety and social norms in individualistic and collectivistic countries

Cited by 105 publications

References 24 publications

Differences by Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults' Beliefs about the Relative Importance of Dietary Supplements vs Prescription Medications: Results from the SURE Study

Differences by Race/Ethnicity in Older Adults' Beliefs about the Relative Importance of Dietary Supplements vs Prescription Medications: Results from the SURE Study

Cultural aspects in social anxiety and social anxiety disorder

A Comparison of Anxiety Symptoms in Community-Based Chinese and Italian Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About