Social and Psychological Predictors of Body Mass Index among South Africans 15 Years and Older: SANHANES-1

Mchiza, Zandile June-Rose; Parker, Whadi-ah; Hossin, Muhammad Zakir; Heshmati, Amy; Labadarios, Demetre; Falkstedt, Daniel; Koupil, Ilona

doi:10.3390/ijerph16203919

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, the rise in overweight/obesity rates is attributable to socio-demographic [11], environmental [12], behavioral [12] and genetic factors [13]. Women have been reported to have a higher risk of overweight/obesity compared to men, while being employed and having a higher level of education were associated with increased risks for overweight and obesity [14]. Higher educational attainment in women and higher socioeconomic status (SES) in men were associated with higher BMI [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa

Modjadji¹

2020

TOPHJ

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Background: South Africa continues to have significant high prevalence rate of overweight/obesity relative to its African counterparts, particularly, among women, owing to several factors such as nutrition transition and socio-demographic factors. Nonetheless, little is known about the socio-demographic determinants of overweight/obesity, especially in the rural settings. Objective: To investigate the socio-demographic determinants of overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site in South Africa Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 mothers of primary school children from a rural setting. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight by height squared and the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were determined. The socio-demographic variables were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain any relationships with overweight/obesity as an outcome measure. Data were analyzed using STATA 14. Results: The response rate was 98%. The mean age of mothers was 37±7years. Mothers were charecterized by singlehood (63%), unemployed (82%) and low literacy (41%). The odds of being overweight/obese were significantly higher among mothers living with spouses as household heads (AOR=3.5 95%CI: 1.97-6.31), had two to three pregnancies (AOR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.40-4.20), and five pregnancies and above (AOR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.0-6.37). Mothers who lived in households with a monthly income between $344.84 and $524,60 were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR=0.31 95%CI: 0.14-0.70). Additionally, age, marital status and age at first pregnancy were significantly associated with being overweight/obese (χ2 test, p<0.05). Conclusion: The key determinants of overweight/obesity were living in spouse-headed household, household monthly income and more than one pregnancy. Evidence-based strategies that focus on strengthening the social aspects while addressing overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale HDSS site, South Africa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa

Modjadji¹

2020

TOPHJ

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“…While the prevalence of underweight in men is 4 times that of women, the prevalence of obesity in women is almost 4 times that of men [2]. Body image seems to be one of the important factors that can explain the stable underweight prevalence in men and the escalating prevalence of obesity especially in women and those individuals who fall below the poverty index line (PIL) in South Africa [1][2][3][4]. In fact, Shisana et al [1] and Mchiza et al [5] have shown that the majority of South Africans who present with negative body image (BI) tend to also present with unhealthy body size (underweight and obesity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underweight and obesity co-exist in the same households in South Africa [1,2]. While the prevalence of underweight in men is 4 times that of women, the prevalence of obesity in women is almost 4 times that of men [2]. Body image seems to be one of the important factors that can explain the stable underweight prevalence in men and the escalating prevalence of obesity especially in women and those individuals who fall below the poverty index line (PIL) in South Africa [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concurrently, BI concerns in the country have increased unevenly [1,[10][11][12] and this is thought to further influence the development of nutritional disorders [13]. There is also developing South African evidence that suggests that after age, marital status seems to be the strongest predictor for overweight, and abdominal obesity in both men and women, with this somewhat associated with BI [2]. However, the relationship between marital status, BMI and BI is barely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Image and the Double Burden of Nutrition among South Africans from Diverse Sociodemographic Backgrounds: SANHANES-1

Mchiza

Parker

Sewpaul

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study investigated the associations between underweight, obesity and body image (BI) among 15+ year-old South Africans with diverse socio-demographic backgrounds. A cross-sectional survey and the analyses of data for 6411 15+ year-old participants in the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was undertaken. Body image was compared to body mass index (BMI) and socio-demography. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 25. Results are in percentages, means, 95% confidence intervals, p-values, and odds ratios. Overall, participants who were obese of which majority: were females, earned ZAR 9601+, completed grade 6, were non-Black men, were married and resided in urban formal areas, were more likely to underestimate their BMI and desire to be lighter. Participants who were underweight of which majority: were males, had no form of income or education, were black men, were not married, resided in less urban and farm areas, were younger than 25 years, were more likely to overestimate their BMI and desire to be heavier. While underweight and obesity were strong determinants of BI, BI was differentiated by socio-demography. These findings have a public health implication that requires special attention to curb the irrepressible underweight and obesity in South Africa.

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Racial disparities in psychological distress in post-apartheid South Africa: results from the SANHANES-1 survey

Harriman

Williams

Morgan

et al. 2021

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose South Africa has long endured a high prevalence of mental disorders at the national level, and its unique social and historical context could be a contributor to an increased risk of mental health problems. Our current understanding is limited regarding the relative importance of various social determinants to mental health challenges in South Africa, and how existing racial inequities may be explained by these determinants. Methods This study attempted to elucidate potential social determinants of mental health in South Africa using data from the nationally representative South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). The main outcome of interest was psychological distress, measured with the Kessler-10 scale. Hierarchical linear regression models included covariates for demographic and socioeconomic factors, count of traumatic events, and a series of stress-related constructs. Analyses were conducted on two populations: the entire sample (n = 15,981), and the African subpopulation (n = 10,723). Results Regression models on the entire sample indicated racial disparities in psychological distress, with Africans experiencing higher distress than White and Coloured individuals. Results within the African sub-population indicated geo-spatial disparities, with Africans in formal urban settings experiencing higher psychological distress than those living in formal and informal rural locales. Across both samples, results indicated a cumulative association between count of stressors and traumatic events and distress. ConclusionWe found racial disparities across several mental health-related domains. Africans had greater exposure to traumatic events, social stressors, and psychological distress. This research is a necessary foundation for public health interventions and policy change to effectively reduce inequities in psychological distress.

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Social and Psychological Predictors of Body Mass Index among South Africans 15 Years and Older: SANHANES-1

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa

Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa

Body Image and the Double Burden of Nutrition among South Africans from Diverse Sociodemographic Backgrounds: SANHANES-1

Racial disparities in psychological distress in post-apartheid South Africa: results from the SANHANES-1 survey

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