Body Image and the Double Burden of Nutrition among South Africans from Diverse Sociodemographic Backgrounds: SANHANES-1

Abstract

This study investigated the associations between underweight, obesity and body image (BI) among 15+ year-old South Africans with diverse socio-demographic backgrounds. A cross-sectional survey and the analyses of data for 6411 15+ year-old participants in the first South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was undertaken. Body image was compared to body mass index (BMI) and socio-demography. Data were analyzed using SPSS versions 25. Results are in percentages, means, 95% confidence intervals, p-values, and odds ratios. Overall, participants who were obese of which majority: were females, earned ZAR 9601+, completed grade 6, were non-Black men, were married and resided in urban formal areas, were more likely to underestimate their BMI and desire to be lighter. Participants who were underweight of which majority: were males, had no form of income or education, were black men, were not married, resided in less urban and farm areas, were younger than 25 years, were more likely to overestimate their BMI and desire to be heavier. While underweight and obesity were strong determinants of BI, BI was differentiated by socio-demography. These findings have a public health implication that requires special attention to curb the irrepressible underweight and obesity in South Africa.

Weight gain stopping/switch rules for antiretroviral clinical trials

“…Studies may also want to further evaluate and document any dietary or lifestyle interventions during the course of the study. (7) Where there is equipoise or where benefits and harms are complex (as in the case of dolutegravir versus efavirenz), we believe participant autonomy and choice, after careful explanation of implications of these choices, should guide decision-making, and considering the impact on randomization. (8) In cases where there is clear harm over benefit -as in the weight gain is associated with clear metabolic consequences or severe obesity developing -stopping rules related to BMI thresholds may override autonomy.…”

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Racial disparities in psychological distress in post-apartheid South Africa: results from the SANHANES-1 survey

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