The book chapter focuses on the reading and analysis of the Portuguese curriculum document Essential Learning – Portuguese. This document regulates the teaching and learning in Portuguese subject, and, in this chapter, the authors address the document from 1st to 4th grade. This document is divided into several specific domains, but this chapter will analyse, in detail, the domain of literary education. The reading and analysis of this document will lead to reflection on and understanding of how literary education is presented in this official text, the objectives what are outlined in it, what learning proposals are suggested to teachers for their update in daily teaching practice, and what texts are advised for the work in the classroom with literary reading.